C57bl 6 mice

A total of 60 six- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from SPF Biotechnology (Beijing, China) and housed in cages under the BSL3 laboratory facilities of China Agricultural University. Mice were housed in standard cages under conventional conditions (at a temperature of 21 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 50 ± 10%) with a regular 12:12-h light: dark cycle with the light on at 8:00 AM. All the mice had free access to food and water, with the same amount in each cage.
Animal experiments were conducted following protocols approved by the animal care and use committee (IACUC) of China Agricultural University, Beijing, and following the regulations for the care of laboratory animals established by the Ministry of Science and Technology People’s Republic of China. The procedures of the present animal study were reviewed and approved by The Laboratory Animal Ethical Committee of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, under approval number 20110611–01. Experiments on M. bovis culture and animal infection were conducted in strict biosafety conditions in BSL-3 laboratory facilities in the NTSE laboratory of China Agricultural University, Beijing.

Six-to-eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All animals were maintained under 12 h light/dark conditions at 22–24°C with unrestricted access to food and water for the duration of the experiment. All animal protocols in this study were performed according to the guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals and approved by the animal ethics committee of the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Beijing, China).

Four-to-five-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All animals were maintained under 12 h light/dark conditions at 22–24°C with unrestricted access to food and water for the duration of the experiment, except during fasting tests. All animal protocols in this study were performed according to the guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals and approved by the animal ethics committee of the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital. For experiments with BDL, mice were randomly divided into six groups. From days 7 to 21 after surgery, the sham group and the mice with successful development of the disease were divided into groups and administered drugs by gavage with a dose of 2 ml/kg once a day. The mice were divided into the following groups: sham operation group (Control), model group (BDL/CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis model group), colchicine positive group (0.2 mg/kg), WeD 20 mg/kg group, SolB 40 mg/kg group, and WeD 20 mg/kg in combination with SolB 40 mg/kg group. Eight mice were included in each group. The body weight was measured daily. The animals were euthanized in random order between 9:00 am and 11:00 am after an overnight fast. Samples of serum and liver were collected for further analysis.

All animal experimental procedures were performed according to the National Institute of Health guidelines on the care and use of animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978) and were approved by Guangzhou Medical University Animal Care and Use Committee. Eight-week-old healthy male C57BL/6 mice, body mass (24 ± 2) g, were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China) and housed in the animal laboratory of Guangzhou Medical University with a 12 h dark/light cycle at ambient temperature (22 ± 1) °C and relative humidity (60 ± 5)%. Mice were allocated randomly to experimental groups and those with movement deficiency were excluded from the study. We calculate the samples size based on experience with the respective tests, variability of the assays and inter-individual differences within groups.

Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the SPF Biotechnology Company (Beijing, China). Nrf2^−/− mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (USA). Mice were gavaged with 300 mg/kg APAP dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). OD was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology (Shanghai, China) and was dissolved in distilled water. For OD treatment, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg/kg OD 1 h after APAP administration. All mice were sacrificed after 24 h for the following experiments. All animal experimental procedures were approved by the local Animal Care and Use Committee of the Southern Medical University.

Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, db/db mice, and heterozygous control db/m mice were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All mice were housed in the IVC system with a 12-h light/dark cycles and ad libitum access to food and water. After a 7-d acclimation, 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks (containing 60.0% fat, 20.6% carbohydrate, and 19.4% protein; TP23300) to induce fatty liver or low-fat diet (LFD; TP23302) as controls. HFD and LFD were purchased from Trophic Animal Feed High-Tech Co., Ltd., Nantong, China. The db/db mice served as another fatty liver model and were fed a normal diet for 6 weeks. All animals were sacrificed under anesthesia and the liver tissues were excised and frozen at −80°C for analyzing the mRNA and protein levels. All animal protocols were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University (Permission no. 2020827).

10-week-old male C57/BL6 mice, weight 22-25 g, were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). All the mice were housed in a specific pathogen-free facility where the circulating temperature is 22 °C with 50–60% humidity, equal light-dark cycle, and with access to standard food and water ad libitum. All experimental studies involving animals were approved by the laboratory animal ethics committee of the institute. According to a preliminary study, mice were administered intraperitoneally with Mdivi-1 (20 mg/kg) or BGP-15 (20 mg/kg) (both were dissolved in saline including 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 40% polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) and 5% Tween 80), one hour before intranasal instillation of 50µL of PM_2.5 suspension (7.8 mg/kg) (the PM_2.5 concentration was selected according to the results of a previous study[7 ], and Mdivi-1 and BGP-15 concentrations were selected according to the results of the preliminary study in Figure S2) or distilled water once a day for two consecutive days.