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Magnetic protein a g beads

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Magnetic protein A/G beads are a type of bead-based affinity chromatography material used for the purification of antibodies from biological samples. The beads are composed of a magnetic core and a surface coated with either protein A or protein G, which are bacterial proteins that bind to the Fc region of immunoglobulins. These beads can be easily separated from the sample using a magnetic field, allowing for efficient isolation and recovery of the target antibodies.

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19 protocols using magnetic protein a g beads

1

Western Blot Analysis of Notch Signaling

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Anti-Actin (catalog number [Cat#] sc-47778, 1:2,000), anti-p130 (Cat# sc-374521, 1:3,000), anti-p21 (Cat# sc-53870, 1:3,000), anti-p130 (Cat# sc-374521, 1:3,000), and anti-PML (Cat# sc-377390, 1:3,000) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti-TAp73 (Cat# A300-126A, 1:1,000) was purchased from Bethyl Laboratories, Inc. Anti-HA (Cat# 901513, 1:2,000) was purchased from BioLegend. Anti-Cleaved Notch1 (Cat# 4741, 1:1,000), anti-Notch1 (Cat# 4380T, 1:1,000), and anti-Hes1 (Cat# 11988S, 1:800) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. WesternBright ECL HRP substrate (Cat# K-12043-D20) was purchased from Advansta. Scrambled siRNA (5′-GGC CGA UUG UCA AAU AAU U-3′), sip73α1 siRNA (5′-ACC UGG GGC CCG UGG UUU-3′), siE11 siRNA#1 (5′-GCA CAG UUC GGC AGC UAC A-3′), siE11 siRNA#2 (5′-UCC UCU CGC CCA UGA ACA A-3′), and siNotch1 siRNA (5′-ACA AAG AUA UGC AGA ACA A-3′) were purchased from Horizon Discovery Biosciences Limited. RNAiMax (Cat# 13778150, Invitrogen), Protease Inhibitor Mixture (Cat# 78438), Magnetic Protein A/G beads (Cat# 78609), RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit (Cat# K1691), and DreamTaq DNA Polymerase (Cat# EP0702) were all purchased from ThermoFisher. All reagents were used according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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2

ChIP-seq Analysis of Rat Schwann Cells

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ChIP assays were performed with minor modifications43 (link). Purified rat SCs were fixed for 15 min at room temperature with 1% formaldehyde-containing medium. Nuclei were isolated and sonicated in sonication buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM EGTA and protease inhibitor cocktail). Sonicated chromatin (~300 µg) was used for immunoprecipitation by incubation with appropriate antibodies (4 μg) overnight at 4 °C. Prerinsed magnetic protein A/G beads (50 μL, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 26162) were added to each ChIP reaction and reactions were incubated for 1 h at 4 °C. The beads were then incubated in 200 ml elution buffer at 65 °C for 20 min to elute immunoprecipitated materials. The ChIP-seq libraries were prepared using NEBNext ChIP-seq Library Prep Master Mix Set for Illumina (NEB catalogue number E6240L) and then run on the Illumina sequencer HiSeq 2500. We used antibodies CTCF (rabbit, Cell Signaling, #3418), H3K27Ac (rabbit, Active motif, 39135), or H3K27me3 (rabbit, Cell Signaling, 9733 s) for ChIP. The crosslinked and sonicated chromatins without immunoprecipitation were used as input controls. For ChIP, real-time PCR was performed using quantitative SYBR green PCR mix (Bio-Rad, 1725121). The values of IgG were normalized to 1.
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3

Protein-Protein Interaction Identification via Co-IP

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Co-immunoprecipitation was following a recent report (Chen et al., 2020) (link) with minor modifications. FLAG-tagged VIRP1 with an estrogen-inducible promoter was co-expressed transiently with TAP-tagged IMPa-1 or IMPa-4 via agroinfiltration in N. benthamiana. Three days postinfiltration, 4-mM 17-b-estradiol was infiltrated into leaves 6 h before sampling. The cell lysates from leaf samples were incubated with anti-FLAG antibody (catalog #MA1-142; Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 h at 4°C. The magnetic protein A/G beads (catalog #88802; Thermo Fisher Scientific) were then added to the lysate for another 1-h incubation at 4°C with mild shaking. The beads were washed twice with 1 × PBST buffer (137-mM NaCl, 2.7-mM KCl, 10-mM Na2HPO4, 1.8-mM KH2PO4, 0.1% Triton X-100) and once with distilled water. The bound proteins were eluted using IgG elution buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and then subject to immunoblots. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were repeated twice. For each biological replicate, mixed leaf tissues from three or more plants were used for each treatment.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of vIL-6 and IFNβ

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Whole cell lysates were prepared in SDS-sample buffer (60mM Tris.HCl pH6.8, 2% SDS, 10% glycerol, 5% β-mercaptoethanol, 0.01% bromophenol blue) and separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare). The membrane was blocked in PBS-T (PBS with 0.1% Tween20) with 5% nonfat milk (Apex) and then incubated with the indicated primary antibody at 4°C overnight. Please refer to the KEY RESOURCES TABLE for antibodies used in this study. The vIL-6 antibody was purified from the supernatant of v6m 12.1.1 hybridomas (ATCC) using magnetic Protein A/G beads (Thermo Fisher). IFNβ protein in the supernatant were quantified by human IFN-beta DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. IFNβ protein levels (pg/ml) were calculated based on the standard curve generated in the assay.
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5

RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) Protocol

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RIP was performed as previously described (A.M. Khalil et al., 2009 (link)). Briefly, 1×107 cells were lysed in RIP Buffer (150 mM KCl, 25 mM Tris pH 7.4, 5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.5% NP-40 substitute) with freshly added RNase inhibitor (100 U/mL) and protease inhibitor by dounce homogenization and centrifuged to pellet insoluble cellular debris. Magnetic Protein A/G beads (ThermoFisher) were pre-washed using magnetic separation with RIP Buffer and incubated with either 10 μg of Rabbit IgG isotype control (ThermoFisher) or 10 μg of anti-HA antibody (Cell Signaling) for 1 hr at 4°C. Antibody-conjugated beads were then washed twice with RIP Buffer to remove any unbound antibody and incubated with lysate for 2 h at RT or overnight at 4°C on a rotator. RIP reactions were then washed five times with RIP Buffer and resuspended in 100 μL of PBS. 10 μL (10%) of the RIP reactions were used for WB analysis against 0.1% input lysate (v/v) to assess RIP efficiency and the remaining 90 μL (90%) was resuspended in TRIzol LS Reagent (ThermoFisher) for RNA extraction and isolation.
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6

Phospho-protein Immunoprecipitation and Detection

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Immunoblotting was performed using a standard protocol. Phos-tag reagents were purchased from Wako Chemicals, gels containing phos-tag were prepared according to manufacturer’s instructions. For immunoprecipitations, cells were rinsed twice with ice-cold PBS and lysed in ice-cold lysis buffer (0.15M NaCl, 0.05M Tris-HCl, 0.5% Triton X-100, and one tablet each of EDTA-free protease inhibitors (Roche, 11873580001) and phosphatase inhibitor (Thermo Fisher, 88667) per 50 ml). For immunoprecipitations, primary antibodies were added to the lysates and incubated with rotation overnight at 4°C. 10 μl magnetic protein A/G beads (Thermo Fisher, 88802) were added and incubated for an additional 2 hr. Immunoprecipitates were washed three times with lysis buffer. Immunoprecipitated proteins were denatured by the addition of sample buffer and boiling for 5 mins, resolved by 9% SDS-PAGE, and analyzed via Western blot analysis.
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7

Protein Interactome Analysis via Coimmunoprecipitation

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CRC cells were lysed in lysis buffer for coimmunoprecipitation assays, and immunoprecipitation was performed using lysates incubated with the indicated antibodies overnight at 4°C and pulled down with magnetic protein A/G beads (Thermo Scientific, USA). After extensive washes in accordance to the manufacturer’s instructions, the antibody-bound proteins were eluted in loading buffer, and the pulled-down protein lysates were analyzed by Western blotting.26 The following primary antibodies were used: anti-LACTB (1:100, CST, USA) and anti-PIK3R3 (1:100, CST, USA).
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8

Western Blot Analysis of vIL-6 and IFNβ

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Whole cell lysates were prepared in SDS-sample buffer (60mM Tris.HCl pH6.8, 2% SDS, 10% glycerol, 5% β-mercaptoethanol, 0.01% bromophenol blue) and separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare). The membrane was blocked in PBS-T (PBS with 0.1% Tween20) with 5% nonfat milk (Apex) and then incubated with the indicated primary antibody at 4°C overnight. Please refer to the KEY RESOURCES TABLE for antibodies used in this study. The vIL-6 antibody was purified from the supernatant of v6m 12.1.1 hybridomas (ATCC) using magnetic Protein A/G beads (Thermo Fisher). IFNβ protein in the supernatant were quantified by human IFN-beta DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. IFNβ protein levels (pg/ml) were calculated based on the standard curve generated in the assay.
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9

RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) Protocol

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RIP was performed as previously described (A.M. Khalil et al., 2009 (link)). Briefly, 1×107 cells were lysed in RIP Buffer (150 mM KCl, 25 mM Tris pH 7.4, 5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.5% NP-40 substitute) with freshly added RNase inhibitor (100 U/mL) and protease inhibitor by dounce homogenization and centrifuged to pellet insoluble cellular debris. Magnetic Protein A/G beads (ThermoFisher) were pre-washed using magnetic separation with RIP Buffer and incubated with either 10 μg of Rabbit IgG isotype control (ThermoFisher) or 10 μg of anti-HA antibody (Cell Signaling) for 1 hr at 4°C. Antibody-conjugated beads were then washed twice with RIP Buffer to remove any unbound antibody and incubated with lysate for 2 h at RT or overnight at 4°C on a rotator. RIP reactions were then washed five times with RIP Buffer and resuspended in 100 μL of PBS. 10 μL (10%) of the RIP reactions were used for WB analysis against 0.1% input lysate (v/v) to assess RIP efficiency and the remaining 90 μL (90%) was resuspended in TRIzol LS Reagent (ThermoFisher) for RNA extraction and isolation.
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10

Immunoprecipitation and Immunoblotting Protocol

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Cells were lysed in CHAPS buffer [5 mmol/L MgCl2, 137 mmol/L KCl, 1 mmol/L EDTA, 1 mmol/L EGTA, 1% CHAPS, 10 mmol/L HEPES (pH 7.5)] for 30 min on ice and then clarified by centrifugation at 17,000 g for 10 min at 4°C. Lysates were incubated with an antibody overnight at 4°C. Antigen/antibody complex were captured using magnetic protein A/G beads (Thermo Scientific) for 2 h at 4°C. Unbound proteins were washed three times with 1 mL CHAPS buffer without protease inhibitors. Bound proteins on beads were eluted by incubating in LDS sample buffer for 10 min and were subsequently loaded for immunoblotting.
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