Pasw statistics 18 for windows

Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Data are presented as mean (±standard deviation [SD]), median (interquartile range [IQR]), or number (%) as appropriate. To identify factors associated with mortality, a multivariable logistic regression model (single step, forced entry) was constructed using variables for which the P-value was <0.1 in univariable analysis. Goodness of fit was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. All tests were two-tailed, and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance test with Dunn post hoc testing was performed to compare the cortical bone thicknesses at measured locations in the axial slices at the adductor tubercle and MEC levels. Statistical significance was set at p values of < 0.05. To evaluate the test–retest reliability, a single observer randomly measured the specimens twice on different days in the same approach. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined for each parameter. A score of > 0.75 was considered an excellent agreement. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
To calculate the sample size for the cortical bone thickness analysis, the estimated cortical bone thickness from a previous relevant study that investigated the tibia and fibula was utilised [41 (link)]. Using the one-way analysis of variance, a 2-sided type I error of 0.05, 90% power, a minimum sample of 18 per area was required (nQuery Advisor^® Version 6.01; Statistical Solutions Ltd., Saugus, MA, USA). More samples were analysed to spare the number of specimens in case dropout during the study. The total number of investigated specimens in this study was 24.

Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 18 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The normality of the data was determined using the Shapiro–Wilk test. An independent t test was performed to compare the age, height, and weight of the two groups, and chi-square testing was performed to compare sex. None of COP variables were normally distributed. Therefore, the within-group comparisons of all variables were tested using the Friedman test at a statistical significance level (α) of 0.05. Multiple comparisons between each time point were tested through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction (α/3), at a significant level of 0.016. Between-group comparisons of all the variables were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test at a significant level of 0.05.

Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The software package PASW Statistics 18 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the statistical analysis. The p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Continuous data are shown as the mean ± SD. Categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the Student t-test. Unless otherwise specified, P values of <0.05 were considered to denote statistical significance. All the statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18 for Windows (SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan).