Rats were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups after weighing: control group, HI group, or glargine group (n = 35 animals per group). Each treatment group was sub-divided into seven sub-groups, according to the time points; 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min (n = 5–10 per sub-group). Refer to Emily Jane Gallagher for a description of the grouping method (14 (link)). The HI and glargine groups were divided into five groups based in doses: control, 1, 12.5, 50, and 200 U/kg dose (n = 5–10). Two weeks before testing, all animals are acclimated to the feeding, injection and fasting protocol for 2 h before injection, but the water was injected in lieu of drug. Injectable drugs were prepared immediately before administration. HI (Novonordisk, Beijing, China) was diluted with saline, while glargine (Sanofi, Beijing, China) was diluted with PBS (pH = 4). Drugs were diluted in 100 μl 0.9% saline or PBS according to the following formula: weight (kg) of rat × experimental dose (1, 12.5, 50, or 200 U/kg) × 10 μl (glargine or human insulin) = mass of drug.
Glargine
Manufactured by Sanofi
Sourced in China, Canada
Glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It is a recombinant human insulin analogue that is designed to have a prolonged duration of action, providing a steady and predictable level of insulin in the body. Glargine is administered via subcutaneous injection.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glulisine, by Sanofi (1 mentions)
Aspart, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Levemir, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Actrapid, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Lispro, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions)
Degludec, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Detemir, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Humulin r, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions)
Nph insulin, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions)
3 protocols using glargine
1
Insulin Dose-Response Study in Rats
2
Insulin Detemir Expiry Evaluation
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Insulin detemir (IDet), trademarked as Levemir® and manufactured by Novo Nordisk, was obtained as 3 mL vials, 100U/mL (14.2 mg/mL), for FlexTouch® pens, as a gift from the Independent Diabetes Trust. IDet excipients list includes 65.4 μg/mL zinc, 2.06 mg/mL m-cresol, 16.0 mg/mL glycerol, 1.80 mg/mL phenol, 0.89 mg/mL Na 2 HPO 4 •2H 2 O and 1.17 mg/mL NaCl. HCl and NaOH may have been added by the manufacturer to adjust pH to 7.4 [20] . These preparations included expired samples (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017) as well as an in-date batch (2020). While not in use, all IDet preparations were refrigerated at ~5 °C. All experiments involving expiry of samples were carried out over a 4 month period in Summer 2018.
Eight other in-date insulins were also screened to assess temperature dependence, but only for single dose concentrations. These were Human Recombinant (Novorapid®, Novo Nordisk), Bovine and Porcine (Hypurin®, Wockhardt), Aspart (Actrapid®, Novo Nordisk), Glulisine (Apidra®, Sanofi), Lispro (Humalog®, Lilly), Glargine (Lantus®, Sanofi) and Degludec (Tresiba®, Novo Nordisk).
Eight other in-date insulins were also screened to assess temperature dependence, but only for single dose concentrations. These were Human Recombinant (Novorapid®, Novo Nordisk), Bovine and Porcine (Hypurin®, Wockhardt), Aspart (Actrapid®, Novo Nordisk), Glulisine (Apidra®, Sanofi), Lispro (Humalog®, Lilly), Glargine (Lantus®, Sanofi) and Degludec (Tresiba®, Novo Nordisk).
3
Insulin Comparison in Diabetes
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NPH insulin and Humulin R were purchased from Eli Lilly, Canada, glargine from Sanofi, Canada and detemir from Novo Nordisk, Canada. MNU was from MRI Global (Kansas City, MO, USA).
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