1.5t magnetom

Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis was performed in each patient based on the results of rectal swabbing administered before the biopsy procedure. No bowel preparation or rectal cleansing was administered prior to the procedure. A MpMRI scan was performed without an endorectal coil in each patient (Siemens, Magnetom, 1.5 T).

Magnetic resonance examinations were performed on a 1.5 T magnetom (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and a 3 T magnetom (Philips Health, Hong Kong, China). Tumor regions included viable tumors, peritumoral edema, and equivalent midline normal tissue (EMNT). The description of MRI evaluation was previously described in our publication in 2023 [12 (link)]. The images were not modified during preprocessing; however, they went through a selection process which included the mentioned sequences and slices where the region of interest (ROI) was visible. The images were then uploaded directly to the software LIFEx v.7.1.0 for post-processing [17 (link)].
We included 82 radiomic features in our calculation. In each of the selected brain magnetic resonance images, three regions were chosen to extract the radiomics: viable tumor (represented for enhancing tumor regions in T1 post-gadolinium sequence), peritumoral edema (visualized on T2), and equivalent midline normal tissue (EMNT) observed in both sequences. Two expert neuro-oncologists drew ROIs manually across all slices of the selected sequences individually (T1 post-gadolinium and T2), where the three tumor regions were present. Figure 3 shows an example of the MRI appearance of DMG.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed on case no. 2 with a 1.5 Tesla machine (1.5T Magnetom, Siemens) and included T₂‐weighted sagittal, dorsal and transverse views, with the following transverse views: fluid attenuated inversion recovery and gradient echo T₂*‐, T₁‐weighted pre‐ and post‐contrast sequences (gadopentate dimeglumine; Magnevist, Bayer Schering Pharma AG).

A single, 3-year-old, male neutered CKCS dog originating in the United Kingdom was investigated. Both parents were reportedly healthy, the health status of siblings was unknown. The dog was presented to the Small Animal Hospital of the University of Glasgow for investigations of suspected focal seizures. Blood was taken for hematology and serum biochemistry. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed with a 1.5 Tesla machine (1.5T Magnetom, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany and included T2-weighted sagittal, dorsal and transverse views and the following transverse view: fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), Gradient echo (t2*), T1-weighted pre- and post-contrast sequences (gadopentate dimeglumine; Magnevist, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany). A cerebrospinal fluid sample was taken for total and differential cell counts, and protein levels. Finally, urine was submitted for organic acid analysis and blood for acylcarnitine levels to an external human laboratory. A control sample of a clinically healthy dog was sent to compare the acylcarnitine levels, as there are no published reference ranges for dogs.

MRI evaluations were conducted on a 1.5T Magnetom (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and a 3T Magnetom (Philips Health, Hong Kong, China). Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (T1WI) covering the entire midline and T2-weighted images were acquired with 60–80-slice processing. The MRI evaluation was performed by two neuroradiologists and a radio-oncologist with over ten years of experience. The radiological features involved tumour location, peritumoral oedema and necrosis, tumour volume, and cystic changes. The T1 pre- and post-gadolinium and T2 sequences allowed the identification of morphological features (see Figure 2). The images were processed for analysis in the semiautomatic platform, and the radiomic characteristics were obtained, which were later analysed with the oncological results (see Figure 3).