Flash 2000 n c analyser

Protein quantification: The nitrogen content of the samples was determined in triplicate using the Dumas method with a Flash 2000 N/C Analyser (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). A nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of 5.71 was used [28 (link)].
Lipid quantification: The lipid content was determined in triplicate utilizing the Soxhlet method [29 (link),30 ], i.e., by condensing heated hexane to the samples to extract the lipids, and then calculating the change in sample weight before and after the treatment.
Ash quantification: Ash content was determined in triplicate by calcining 1 g of sample at 550 °C in a muffle furnace for 4 to 5 h [30 ], and then calculating the change in sample weight before and after the treatment.
Moisture content: The moisture content was determined in triplicate by heating 0.5–1.0 g of sample in a furnace at 105 °C for 24 h [30 ], and then calculating the change in sample weight before and after the treatment.

The nitrogen content of the materials was determined using the Dumas method with a Flash 2000 N/C Analyser (Thermo Scientific, USA). Briefly, ca. 3 mg of the materials were placed into thin tin capsules, which were folded, and pressed to remove the excess air. The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor used was N × 6.25^{8 (link)}, and the results were presented as averages from triplicates.

Approximately 5 mg of ground leaf and root samples of sugar beet treated with PBBs were measured into thin aluminum capsules. The aluminum capsules were then folded and pressed to remove excess air that may be trapped in the capsule. The nitrogen content of PBB-treated sugar beet in leaf and root samples was determined using the Dumas method with a Flash 2000 N/C Analyser (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) [13 (link)]. The results of the nitrogen content of the samples were presented as averages from triplicates.