Isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP), dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), geranyl diphosphate (GDP), farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP), 1,9-decadiene, ammonium bicarbonate, chlorogenic acid, formic acid, tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME), methanol and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Trimethylsulfonium hydroxide (TMSH) was ordered from Macherey-Nagel (Düren, Germany).
Geranyl diphosphate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Geranyl diphosphate is a natural isoprenoid compound that serves as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of various terpenoid molecules. It functions as a substrate for enzymes involved in the production of diverse plant-derived compounds.
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Lab products found in correlation
Farnesyl diphosphate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Geraniol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Linalool, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Dimethylallyl diphosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isopentenyl diphosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Farnesol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lc ms grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 9 decadiene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Geranylgeraniol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Qiaquick gel extraction kit, by Qiagen (1 mentions)
Nucleospin plasmid kit, by Macherey-Nagel (1 mentions)
Mytaq dna polymerase, by Meridian Bioscience (1 mentions)
Phusion high fidelity dna polymerase, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions)
Trans nerolidol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Geranyl acetone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 protocols using geranyl diphosphate
1
Elucidating Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Pathway
2
Characterization of Isoprenoid Precursors
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Unlabeled isopentenyl diphosphate, dimethylallyl diphosphate, geranyl diphosphate, farnesyl diphosphate, geraniol, farnesol and geranylgeraniol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
3
Characterization of terpene synthases
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Standards used include: trans-nerolidol (Sigma-Aldrich, 04610590), farnesol (Sigma-Aldrich, F203), linalool (Aldrich, L2602). All C16 compounds isolated from yeast cultures and characterized by NMR were used as in-house standards. Substrates used for in vitro reactions of recombinant SpSodMT wt protein with SAM (A2408-Sigma) and geranyl diphosphate (G6772; Sigma-Aldrich), farnesyl diphosphate (F6892; Sigma-Aldrich), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (G6025; Sigma-Aldrich). Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (New England BioLabs, M0530S) and MyTaq DNA polymerase (BIO-21105, Bioline) were used in PCR amplifications. QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (#28704, Qiagen) was used for gel extraction and DNA purification. NucleoSpin Plasmid Kit (740588.250, Macherey-Nagel) was used for plasmid DNA purification.
4
Isoprenoid Precursor Synthesis
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Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), geranyl diphosphate (GDP), farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.
5
Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Tea
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Five-year-old tea plants of Camellia sinensis cv. “Shu Cha Zao” grown at the experimental farm of Anhui Agricultural University in Hefei, China, were used in this study. Standards of geranyl diphosphate (GDP), farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), β-myrcene, β-ocimene, linalool, geraniol, α-citral, β-citral, methyl geranate, nerol, D-limonene, trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), neryl acetate, L-terpineol, α-terpinen, geranyl acetone, thymol, (Z)-nerolidol, α-farnesene, β-farnesene, (E)-nerolidol, humulene, α-ionone, β-ionone, (E)-γ-bisabolene, cadinol and caryophyllene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
6
Profiling Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Tea
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The following 10 cultivars of C. sinensis var. sinensis maintained in the Guo-He Tea Germplasm Collection of this university (Hefei, China) were used in this study: “Shucha Zao” (“SCZ”), “Echa NO.1” (“EC1”), “Echa NO.5” (“EC5”), “Fuding Dabai” (“FDDB”), “Mingshan Baihao” (“MSBH”), “Mingxuan 213” (“MX213”), “Wancha 91” (“WC91”), “Zhongcha 108” (“ZC108”), “Zhongcha 102” (“ZC102”), and “Zhenong 117” (“ZN117”). Tea plant samples were all excised from tea cultivars, immediately deep frozen in dry ice and then brought to the lab for storage at −80°C for further use. For transgenic studies, plants of Nicotiana tabacum cv. “Yunyan 85” and Nicotiana benthamiana were grown in pots containing a peat and vermiculite mixture (1:3, v/v) and kept in a growth chamber with a 16 h photoperiod of 150 μM m−2 s−1, at temperatures of 22°C/25°C (night/day) and 60% relative humidity. Plants were regularly fertilized and watered.
For chemical analysis, geranyl β-primeveroside and linalyl β-primeveroside were synthesized by Na-Fu Biotech (Shanghai, China)1 and further verified with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Supplementary Table S1 ). Geranyl β-D-glucopyranoside was synthesized by Prof Zhengzhu Zhang’s group at Anhui Agricultural University. Geraniol, citral, linalool, geranyl diphosphate, and geranyl monophosphate were purchased from Sigma (Shanghai, China).
For chemical analysis, geranyl β-primeveroside and linalyl β-primeveroside were synthesized by Na-Fu Biotech (Shanghai, China)
7
Characterization of Prenyltransferase Enzymes
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For the characterization of the prenyltransferases 200 µl enzymatic assays were carried out in glass vials. The reaction mixture contained 10 mM MOPS buffer (pH 7.0), 5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM DTT, 1 mg/ml BSA, 100 µΜ prenyl diphosphate substrate. The substrates used were: dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (D4287, Sigma-Aldrich), isopentenyl diphosphate (I0503, Sigma-Aldrich), geranyl diphosphate (G6772, Sigma-Aldrich), farnesyl diphosphate (F6892, Sigma-Aldrich), geranylgeranyl diphosphate (G6025, Sigma-Aldrich). The reactions were initiated by addition of 50 ng of purified enzyme. After 16 h incubation at 25 °C, the reactions were terminated by addition of equal volume of 2N HCl in 83% EtOH and after 20 min incubation they were neutralized with 0.14 mL of 10% NaOH.
The hydrolyzed diphosphates were extracted three times using 300 µl of hexane. The hexane extracts were concentrated to a final volume of 50 µl and 1 µl of each reaction was used for GC-MS analysis (Methods S1). Individual compounds were identified by comparing their GC retention indices and mass spectra with those of authentic standards.
The hydrolyzed diphosphates were extracted three times using 300 µl of hexane. The hexane extracts were concentrated to a final volume of 50 µl and 1 µl of each reaction was used for GC-MS analysis (Methods S1). Individual compounds were identified by comparing their GC retention indices and mass spectra with those of authentic standards.
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