For sample preparation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol (Panreac, Barcelona, Castellar del Vallès, Spain) and ultrasonic bath (Saphir, Moscow, Russia) were used. The mobile phase was prepared using HPLC–UV-grade acetonitrile (Panreac, Barcelona, Castellar del Vallès, Spain), MS-grade formic acid (Fluka, Seattle, DA, USA), and water, which was prepared by Milli-Q deionization system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Standards of ginsenosides Rb2, Rb3, Rg3, Rc, Rb1, Rd, Re, Rf, Rh1, R1, R0 and pseudoginsenoside F11 with purity >98% were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).
Milli q deionization system
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
The Milli-Q deionization system is a water purification device designed to produce high-purity deionized water. The core function of this system is to remove ions, particles, and other contaminants from water through a combination of ion exchange and filtration technologies.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hplc grade methanol, by ITW Reagents (2 mentions)
Hplc uv grade acetonitrile, by ITW Reagents (2 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid hplc grade, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoniazid d4, by LGC (1 mentions)
Rifampicin d3, by LGC (1 mentions)
Ethambutol d4, by LGC (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gpes 4, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gentamicin sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Citric acid, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Vetec (1 mentions)
6 protocols using milli q deionization system
1
Ginsenoside Extraction and Analysis
2
Efficient Sample Preparation for HPLC-MS Analysis
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For sample preparation purposes, HPLC-grade methanol (Panreac, Barcelona, Castellar del Vallès, Spain), syringe PET-membrane filters (0.45 μm, Chromafil, Düren, Germany), ultrasonic bath (Saphir, Moscow, Russia) and household coffee-mill (Bosch, Gerlingen, Germany) were used. The mobile phase was prepared using HPLC-UV-grade acetonitrile (Panreac, Barcelona; Castellar del Vallès, Spain), MS-grade formic acid (Fluka, Seattle, DA, USA) and water, which was prepared by Milli-Q deionization system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
3
Quantitation of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
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Pyrazinamide (lot: 100178–201104), isoniazid (lot: 100578–201502), rifampicin (lot: 130496–201403), and ethambutol dihydrochloride (lot: 100165–201705) were purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Internal standards (ISs), pyrazinamide-D3 (lot: CRC-OW3-056), isoniazid-D4 (lot: 2-JLO-114-1), rifampicin-D3 (lot: 5-YEN-103-103-1), rifampicin-D8 (lot: NJ-07222019), and ethambutol-D4 (lot: 1-WEW-51-4), were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, Canada. The purities of these analytes were all above 98.0%. Molecule structures of the four analytes and corresponding ISs are presented in Figure 1 .
Methanol (HPLC grade) and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were purchased from Merck Drugs & Biotechnology, German. Trifluoroacetic acid (HPLC grade) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich Fluka, USA. Ammonium formate (HPLC grade) was purchased from Anaqua Chemical Supply, USA. Water was prepared by a Milli-Q deionization system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Blank human serum was obtained from the physical examination population of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
Methanol (HPLC grade) and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were purchased from Merck Drugs & Biotechnology, German. Trifluoroacetic acid (HPLC grade) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich Fluka, USA. Ammonium formate (HPLC grade) was purchased from Anaqua Chemical Supply, USA. Water was prepared by a Milli-Q deionization system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Blank human serum was obtained from the physical examination population of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
4
Heavy Metal Decontamination Protocol
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All acids and chemicals used in the whole experiment were of analytical grade, purchased from F. Maia Industry and Trade Ltd. (Sao-Paulo, Brazil) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). In order to decontaminate the materials, deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q deionization system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All glassware were immersed for 24 h in a commercially available Extran®detergent (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), then flushed with 10% nitric acid and subsequently with distilled water, decontaminated by washing with 0.5% KMNO4 solution (w/v), and finally washed with distilled water. For standard calibration, multi-element solutions comprising Zn, Mn, Cu, and Pb (10,000 mg L−1) were purchased from Ultra Scientific (Rhode Island, USA) and Cd (1,000 mg L−1) from SpecSol (Sao-Paulo, Brazil). The sample analysis results for quality control displayed that heavy metal determination level was satisfactory with 95–101% of certified recovery values of metals under study.
5
Voltammetric Assessment of Pequi Pulp Antioxidants
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Voltammetric measurements were performed on a potentiostat/galvanostat Autolab Metrohm Pensalab integrated to the GPES 4.9 software (Utrecht, The Netherlands). A three-electrode cell was employed incorporating a gold working electrode with geometric area of 0.196 cm 2 , a platinum wire auxiliary electrode and an Ag|AgCl (3.0 mol L -1 KCl) reference electrode (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland) . The surface of the working electrode was cleaned by polishing with 0.3 μm alumina suspension Buehler (Lake Bluff, IL, USA) in metallographic felt, followed by cleaning with ultrapure water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ•cm at 25 °C) obtained from Milli-Q deionization system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Total antioxidant capacity of the pequi pulp extracts was evaluated based on oxygen electroreduction in 0.1 mol L -1 Britton-Robinson buffer support electrolyte, applying the voltammetric differential pulse technique (DPV), according to Pinheiro et al. (2018) (link). The antioxidant capacity was expressed by the coefficient of antioxidant capacity (K) at pH 2.20; 4.05; 7.15 and 10.05, and by trolox equivalent (μmol trolox mL -1 pequi extract), based on the intensity values of the cathodic oxygen current obtained at pH 7.15.
The K values of the three pequi pulp extracts were compared with the antioxidant standards L-ascorbic acid, gallic acid, β-carotene and trolox (prepared in 95% ethanol).
Total antioxidant capacity of the pequi pulp extracts was evaluated based on oxygen electroreduction in 0.1 mol L -1 Britton-Robinson buffer support electrolyte, applying the voltammetric differential pulse technique (DPV), according to Pinheiro et al. (2018) (link). The antioxidant capacity was expressed by the coefficient of antioxidant capacity (K) at pH 2.20; 4.05; 7.15 and 10.05, and by trolox equivalent (μmol trolox mL -1 pequi extract), based on the intensity values of the cathodic oxygen current obtained at pH 7.15.
The K values of the three pequi pulp extracts were compared with the antioxidant standards L-ascorbic acid, gallic acid, β-carotene and trolox (prepared in 95% ethanol).
6
Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
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All reagents used in this study were classified as of analytical purity grade: citric acid, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1% agarose gel, ethanol and methanol, purchased from Vetec (Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil); sodium carbonate; Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, purchased from Êxodo Científica (Hortolândia, SP, Brazil); 2,2'azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium persulfate, gallic acid, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), gentamicin sulfate and fetal bovine serum (FBS), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA); Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), sodium bicarbonate, penicillin and streptomycin, purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY); (3) (4) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium] bromide (MTT) purchased from Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Oregon, USA). The aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ•cm resistivity at 25 °C), obtained by the Milli-Q deionization system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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