Voltage signals from isometric force transducers were digitized (NI USB-6341, National Instruments) with data acquisition occurring at 10Hz using multichannel data-integration software (DASYLab ®, National Instruments). A segment of 4096 consecutive data points of steady state LARC tension data were normalized to the maximum tension during this time (example tracing, Figure 1A ). A Hanning window was applied to filter out very low frequency signal (i.e. stress relaxation) and prevent discontinuity artifact during FFT analysis. FFT was then performed using Excel Analysis ToolPak (Microsoft Corp). Frequency domain output was in ~2.4mHz intervals. A frequency range of interest (0.005–0.200 Hz or 0.3–12 cycles/min) was determined by preliminary data of carbachol-induced LARC in human DSM (not shown) and prior studies of DSM LARC in both humans and other species [2 (link),1 (link),15 (link)–18 (link)]. A real signal was defined as having an associated amplitude on the power spectrum which was the maximum as well as being greater than 2 standard deviations (SD) above the mean amplitude over the aforementioned frequency range (example spectrum, Figure 1B ).
Ni usb 6341
Manufactured by National Instruments
Sourced in United States
The NI USB-6341 is a multifunction data acquisition (DAQ) device that provides analog input, analog output, digital input/output, and counter/timer functionality. It features 16 analog input channels, two analog output channels, and 24 digital input/output lines. The device connects to a computer via a USB interface.
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Lab products found in correlation
Dasylab, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
Sil poxy, by Smooth-On (1 mentions)
Fp400urt, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
T495lpxr, by Chroma Technology (1 mentions)
F240fc a, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Zyla 5.5 scmos camera, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
P 725, by Physik Instrumente (1 mentions)
Axiovert s100, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Dynabeads m 270 beads, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Spermine tetrahydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Axopatch 200b amplifier, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
Borosilicate glass, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions)
Multiclamp 700b amplifier, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
Pda36a, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
9 protocols using ni usb 6341
1
Isometric Force Transducer Analysis
2
Characterizing Inferior Colliculus Laminae
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To locate the IC during the flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging, we generated the click sound stimuli using a digital-to-analog converter (NI USB-6341; National Instruments) at a 500 kHz sampling rate, amplified with a stereo amplifier (SA1; Tucker-Davis Technologies). Click pulse trains [sound intensity, 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL); duration, 100 µs; monophasic pulse] were presented 20 times at random 3.9–4.1 s intervals when recording LFPs in the IC. Similarly, pure tone burst sounds (frequency, 4, 8, and 16 kHz; sound intensity, 60, 70, or 80 dB SPL; duration, 100 ms) were used to measure the characteristics of sound responses. Here, we used the linearly increasing onset and decreasing offset of stimulus envelops, which were respectively set at 10% of the total duration of each stimulus (Tsytsarev and Tanaka, 2002 (link)). Sound stimuli were presented via a speaker (MF1; Tucker-Davis Technologies). Prior to starting each experiment, stimuli were calibrated with a sound level meter (Type 2636; Brüel & Kjaer) and a 0.25 in microphone (Type 4939-L-002; Brüel & Kjaer). To characterize IC lamina properties, we applied a standard current source density analysis (Nicholson and Freeman, 1975 (link)) for each sound-induced response. The noise level of the soundproof room was <24 dB SPL without acoustic stimulation.
3
Development and Evaluation of a Measurement Device
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A prototype of the device was built in order to analyze the repeatability, sensibility, and linearity of the measurement system as well as to obtain the calibration curve. The final device is shown in Figure 9 . As can be seen, bars 2 and 3 in Figure 5 are duplicated on both sides in order to make a symmetrical system.
The prototype dimensions inFigure 6 b) are mm, mm, mm, mm, and mm. This yields a relation between and of , ensuring that stress generated by the bending moment is significantly higher than that generated by axial tension. The gauges employed have a gauge factor of . The signal provided by the electronic system is registered with a NI USB-6341 (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) data acquisition board in which the analog input channels have a resolution of 16 bits. Since lies in the range 0–5 V, the board range was set to ±5 V, yielding a voltage reading resolution of V.
The prototype dimensions in
4
Printed Piezoresistive Fiber Sensors
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Copper wires were connected to the two ends of the printed coaxial fiber as external electrodes with the help of conductive silver paste and silicone adhesive (Sil-Poxy, Smooth-On). The gauge length between the copper wires was 20 mm. The silicone adhesive was used to cover the silver electrodes to avoid mechanical failure between the soft fiber and rigid electrodes. A computer-controlled homemade stretching stage was used to apply the desired strains. Piezoresistive responses of the printed sensors were measured by recording the current at a constant voltage of 1 V. The electrical responses of the sensors were acquired with a data acquisition module (NI USB-6341, National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) and transmitted to a computer. All experiments in this study were conducted at room temperature (about 24 °C).
5
Fiber Photometry Setup for GCaMP6f Imaging
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Fiber photometry data were collected and analyzed using a custom-made photometry setup and Matlab-based software. We used a 470-nm LED source (M470F3, Thorlabs) coupled to an optic fiber (M75L01) and collimation lens (F240FC-A) for GCaMP6f excitation. The 470-nm excitation light was delivered to the cannula implanted on the head of the animal using a second collimation lens (F240FC-A) coupled to a 400 µm, high NA, low autofluorescence optic fiber (FP400URT, custom made, Thorlabs). The emission light was collected using the same optic fiber and directed to a Newport 2151 photoreceiver using a focusing lens (ACL2541U-A, Thorlabs). Excitation (ET470/24 M) and emission (ET525/50) filters, and a dichroic mirror (T495LPXR) were purchased from Chroma Technology. The 470-nm excitation light was amplitude-modulated at a frequency of 211 Hz, with a max power of 40 µW, using an LED driver (LEDD1B) controlled through a National Instrument DAQ (NI USB-6341). The modulated data acquired from the photoreceiver were decoded as in Lerner et al., 2015 (link) using a custom Matlab function (available at https://github.com/QuentinNeuro/Bpod-FunctionQC , copy archived at swh:1:rev:1ea70f47f0bd5fbf5441abe0dac3dc70ed3c9a8b ; Chevy, 2021 ; Ibrahim et al., 2013 (link)).
6
Magnetic Bead Manipulation Setup
7
Outside-Out Patch Clamp Recording
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Cells were viewed using a fixed-stage microscope (Axioskop FS1, Zeiss) and perfused at a rate of 1.5–2 ml min–1 with an external solution containing 145 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.3. Patch-clamp electrodes were pulled from borosilicate glass (1.5 mm o.d., 0.86 mm i.d.; Harvard Apparatus) and fire polished to a final resistance of 8–12 MV. The internal solution contained 145 mM CsCl, 2.5 mM NaCl, 1 mM Cs-EGTA, 4 mM MgATP, and 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.3 with CsOH) supplemented with 100 mM spermine tetrahydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience). Recordings were made from outside-out patches at 22–25°C using an Axopatch 200B amplifier (Molecular Devices). Currents were recorded at −60 mV, low-pass filtered at 10 kHz, and digitized at 20 kHz using an NI USB-6341 (National Instruments) interface with Strathclyde Electrophysiology Software WINWCP (John Dempster, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK).
8
Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology Protocol
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For electrophysiological recordings whole-cell patch clamp recordings were amplified using a Multiclamp 700B amplifier (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, USA), low-pass filtered at 10 kHz and digitized at 50 kHz with a NI USB-6341 (National Instruments, Austin, TX, United States) controlled by Strathclyde Electrophysiology Software WinWCP (John Dempster, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK). Data were stored on a hard disk for offline analyses. Pipettes were pulled from borosilicate glass (King Precision Glass, Inc., Claremont, CA, USA) using a DMZ Zeitz puller (Zeitz-Instruments, Martinsried, Germany). Patch pipettes had resistances of 3–5 MΩ and contained (in mM): 135 K-Gluconate, 5 KCl, 10 HEPES, 0.1 ethylene glycol-bis (2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 1 MgCl2, 3 MgATP, 0.2 Na2ATP at pH 7.2.
9
Optomagnetic Measurement of Magnetic Nanoparticles
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Optomagnetic measurements were performed on the sample in the cuvette using the system previously described in (Donolato et al., 2015a; Bejhed et al., 2015) (link). In this setup, the magnetic field was applied along the path of the laser light (Sony optical unit, Sony, JP, = 405 nm, light beam with a diameter of 2 mm). Two electromagnetic coils (1433428C, Murata Power Solutions Inc., U.S.A.) placed on either side of the cuvette provided a magnetic field excitation with an amplitude of 2.6 mT. The transmission of laser light through the cuvette (2 mm) was measured using a photodiode (PDA36A, Thorlabs Inc., U.S.A.). The magnetic field excitation was controlled and the photodetector signal was recorded via LabView using a data acquisition card (NI USB-6341, National Instruments, U.S.A.). The 2 nd harmonic complex lock-in signal was calculated from the time traces in LabView. The spectra were measured from 1 Hz to 1 kHz in 20 logarithmically equidistant steps. A spectrum was recorded in about 2 min.
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