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6 protocols using h3k27me3

1

Western Blot Analysis of Histone Modifications

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Cells or tumor tissues were lysed in Laemmli buffer (Sigma) and cleared. Protein concentration was determined using DC protein assay (Bio-rad). Proteins (25 μg) were separated on precast NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris protein gels (ThermoFisher), and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad). After blocking with 5% BSA buffer for 1 hour at room temperature, membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at the recommended concentrations. HRP conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000; Bio-rad; Cat#5196–2504) were applied, and ultra-sensitive autoradiography film (Amersham) was used to detect the chemiluminescence signal. Primary antibodies used are H3K27me3 (1:1,000, Invitrogen Cat#MA5–11198) and H3 total (1:1,000, Abcam Cat#1791).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Histone Modifications

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Cells or tumor tissues were lysed in Laemmli buffer (Sigma) and cleared. Protein concentration was determined using DC protein assay (Bio-rad). Proteins (25 μg) were separated on precast NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris protein gels (ThermoFisher), and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad). After blocking with 5% BSA buffer for 1 hour at room temperature, membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at the recommended concentrations. HRP conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000; Bio-rad; Cat#5196–2504) were applied, and ultra-sensitive autoradiography film (Amersham) was used to detect the chemiluminescence signal. Primary antibodies used are H3K27me3 (1:1,000, Invitrogen Cat#MA5–11198) and H3 total (1:1,000, Abcam Cat#1791).
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3

Transcription Factor and Histone Modification ChIP-seq

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ChIP‐seq for AR, FOXA1, CTCF, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 were performed using 5 μg of antibody and 50 μL of Protein A/G magnetic beads (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) per sample. Antibodies applied here were AR (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA, 06‐680, lot#2489005&2943813); FOXA1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab5089, lot#GR20766‐16); CTCF (Millipore, 07‐729, lot#2887267); H3K27ac (Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA, USA 39133, lot#31814008); H3K27me3 (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA 07‐449, lot#2826067). As control, input of each sample was generated separately. Immunoprecipitated DNA was processed for sequencing using standard protocols and sequenced on an Illumina Hi‐seq 2500 with 65 bp single end reads.
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4

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Chromatin and Nuclear Proteins

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Cells were fixed and prepared for indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy as previously described11 ,26 (link).
Images were acquired on a Nikon Ti-E inverted microscope (Nikon) with a Yokogawa CSU-22 spinning disk confocal head with the Borealis modification or a Ti2 inverted microscope fitted with a CSU-W1 spinning disk. Z-stacks of 0.4–0.7 μm spacing were collected using a CoolSnap HQ2 CCD camera (Photometrics) or a Zyla 4.2 sCMOS camera (Andor) with a ×60/1.40 NA or a ×100/1.45 NA Plan Apochromat oil-immersion objective (Nikon).
The following antibodies were used for indirect immunofluorescence imaging: phospho γH2AX (Ser139) (Millipore, 05-636-I; 1:400); H3K27ac (Active Motif, 39133; 1:200); MDC1 (Abcam, ab11171; 1:1,000); MDC1 (Sigma-Aldrich, M2444; 1:1,000); phospho RNA PolII S5 (Millipore, MABE954, clone 1H4B6; 1:400); Cdk9 (Cell Signaling, 2316; 1:10); CDK12 (Abcam, ab246887; 1:400); 53BP1 (Santa Cruz, 22760S; 1:100); H3K27me3 (ThermoFisher Scientific, MA511198; 1:1,000); H3K9ac (Cell Signaling, 9649S; 1:400); H3K9me2 (Cell Signaling, 9753S; 1:400); POM121 (Proteintech, 15645-1-AP; 1:200); phospho H3T3 (Millipore, 07-424, 1:12,000); phospho H3S10 (Abcam, ab47297; 1:200); and fibrillarin (Abcam, ab4566; 1:500). Staining of Dam-methylated DNA in fixed cells was done using purified GFP-tagged m6A-Tracer protein as previously described53 (link).
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5

Immunohistochemistry of Epigenetic Markers

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IHC was performed using a Vectastain Elite kit (AK-5001, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) as described previously34 (link),42 (link),43 (link). Primary antibodies included the human-specific Ki67 (1:50) (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA), and rabbit anti-EZH2 (1:50) (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA) and H3K27me2 (1:100) (ABCAM INC, Cambridge, CA), and H3K27me3(1:50) (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA).
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6

ChIP Profiling of Histone Modifications

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ChIP was performed on human atrial appendage and mouse cardiac tissue using a Zymo-Spin™ ChIP Kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, Catalog #: D5210), per manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, tissue was homogenized using a PowerGen™ 500 tissue homogenizer (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and transiently crosslinked with 37% formaldehyde (prepared fresh). Crosslinking was stopped with 1M glycine and chromatin shearing was conducted using Q125 Sonicator (Qsonica, Newtown, CT, Catalog #: Q125-110) for four cycles (30 sec “ON”, 30 sec “OFF”, 40% amplitude) on ice. Chromatin marks studied in the experiment were histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3, Thermo Fisher, Rockford IL, Catalog #: G.532.8) and histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3, Thermo Fisher, Rockford IL, Catalog #: G.299.10). The DNA recovered from the ChIP procedure was then used for qPCR (Supplemental Table 2).
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