Pdm series

Manufactured by PicoQuant

The PDM series is a collection of single-photon counting detectors developed by PicoQuant. These detectors are designed to enable the precise measurement of low-level light signals. The core function of the PDM series is to convert individual photons into electrical pulses, which can then be processed and analyzed by associated instrumentation.

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Lab products found in correlation

Apo tirf 100x oil na 1, by Nikon (1 mentions) Pdl 800 d laser driver, by PicoQuant (1 mentions) Ldh p c 405, by PicoQuant (1 mentions) Hydraharp 400, by PicoQuant (1 mentions) Inkscape, by Adobe (1 mentions) Symphotime, by PicoQuant (1 mentions) Ff01 520 35, by IDEX Corporation (1 mentions) Ldh p c 450b, by PicoQuant (1 mentions) Pharos, by Light Conversion (1 mentions) Topas twins, by Light Conversion (1 mentions) Invia raman spectrometer system, by Renishaw (1 mentions)

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PDM Series 20 μm (1 citations)

9 protocols using pdm series

Confocal Microscopy Imaging and Lifetime Analysis

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Fluorescence imaging was performed on a home-built confocal laser scanning microscope, as described elsewhere [20 (link)]. A NA = 1.49 oil immersion objective (Apo-TIRF 100x Oil/NA 1.49, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) was used for all measurements. A 440 nm pulsed diode laser (LDH-P-C-440, PicoQuant, Berlin, Germany) was used for excitation at a laser power of between 1–2 µW before objective. Fluorescence emission was detected using a single photon avalanche diode (PDM series, PicoQuant) after a 480/40 nm emission filter. A 30 × 30 µm area divided into 500 lines was scanned over 5 s for each frame. An additional delay of 5 s between each frame was introduced for some cells to reduce photobleaching and phototoxicity over the imaging time.
Raw photon data was processed and analyzed with the software package PIE analysis with MATLAB (PAM) [21 (link)]. The pixelwise decay data were transformed using the phasor approach [22 (link),23 (link)] (see Text S1). An aqueous solution of Atto425-COOH was measured at 23 °C and used as a reference to correct for the instrument response function of the system. To simplify representation and analysis, the phase and modulation-derived lifetimes (τ_P and τ_M respectively) were averaged to produce a single lifetime value.

Qian C., Flemming A., Müller B, & Lamb D.C. (2022). Dynamics of HIV-1 Gag Processing as Revealed by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Single Virus Tracking. Viruses, 14(2), 340.

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Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Microscopy

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A home‐built PL microscope was used to conduct TRPL measurements. A picosecond pulsed excitation beam with a wavelength of 447 nm was focused onto the sample by using a 40× objective (Nikon, NA = 0.6). The PL emission was collected by the same objective, and then guided to a single photon avalanche diode (PicoQuant, PDM series) with a single photon counting module (PicoQuant).

Wang K., Lin Z.Y., Zhang Z., Jin L., Ma K., Coffey A.H., Atapattu H.R., Gao Y., Park J.Y., Wei Z., Finkenauer B.P., Zhu C., Meng X., Chowdhury S.N., Chen Z., Terlier T., Do T.H., Yao Y., Graham K.R., Boltasseva A., Guo T.F., Huang L., Gao H., Savoie B.M, & Dou L. (2023). Suppressing phase disproportionation in quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nature Communications, 14, 397.

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Spatially Resolved Optical Analysis

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All spatially resolved optical measurements were performed using a home-built inverted confocal laser scanning microscope. The measurements were performed on glass substrates utilizing a high numerical aperture oil immersion objective (NA = 1.4) and a 405 nm pulsed diode laser (Picoquant LDH P-C-405) with variable repetition rates (Picoquant PDL 800-D laser driver) as the excitation source. Under these conditions the lateral resolution of the instrument is approximately 200 nm. A single photon avalanche diode (MPD PDM Series) was used in conjunction with the Picoquant HydraHarp 400 as a time-correlated single photon counting system to detect time-resolved fluorescence. Time-resolved data acquisition and analysis was performed using Picoquants SymPhoTime 64 software package. The spectral data was recorded using an Acton Spectra Pro 2300i spectrometer with a 300 grooves/mm grating. The detector temperature (Princeton PIXIS CCD) was kept steady at −45 °C.

Lapkin D., Kirsch C., Hiller J., Andrienko D., Assalauova D., Braun K., Carnis J., Kim Y.Y., Mandal M., Maier A., Meixner A.J., Mukharamova N., Scheele M., Schreiber F., Sprung M., Wahl J., Westendorf S., Zaluzhnyy I.A, & Vartanyants I.A. (2022). Spatially resolved fluorescence of caesium lead halide perovskite supercrystals reveals quasi-atomic behavior of nanocrystals. Nature Communications, 13, 892.

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Homebuilt Microscope for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence

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A homebuilt microscope was used for the PL and time-resolved PL spectroscopy measurements. A picosecond pulse laser with wavelength of 447 nm was used as the excitation, and an objective (40×, numerical aperture = 0.6, Nikon) was used to focus the excitation light on the sample and collect the epic scattered PL emission. A spectrometer and charge-coupled device (CCD) combo (Andor) was used for PL spectral analysis. Time-resolved PL was acquired using a single-photon avalanche diode (PDM series, PicoQuant) and a single-photon counting module (PicoQuant).

Wang T., Jin L., Hidalgo J., Chu W., Snaider J.M., Deng S., Zhu T., Lai B., Prezhdo O., Correa-Baena J.P, & Huang L. (2020). Protecting hot carriers by tuning hybrid perovskite structures with alkali cations. Science Advances, 6(43), eabb1336.

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Multicolor Confocal Imaging of Extracellular Matrix

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Each confocal scan was 60 × 60 μm, 256 × 256 pixels (234 nm/pixel). Each scan took ~1 min. Two pulsed diode lasers (ex: 470 nm, 640 nm) were used to excite the fluorophores (Atto 465-NHS for collagen and CellMask Deep Red HCS for cell membranes). A water immersion objective (Olympus LUMFL60X, 60 × magnification, 1.1 NA, 1.5 mm W.D.) was used. A dual bandpass dichroic (Chroma 467/638rpc) was used to separate laser light and fluorescent light and a second dichroic (Chroma 600dcxr) is used to separate the green and red fluorescence light, which are each passed through an emission filter (Chroma HQ690/70m; Semrock FF01-520/35) and collected by a single photon sensitive avalanche photodiode (Picoquant PDM series). For each detection channel an intensity micrograph is recorded and constructed in the operating software (Picoquant SymphoTime), exported as a 16 bit bitmap, and merged in ImageJ to create false color images. Annotations were added to the images thereafter in Adobe Illustrator or Inkscape.
The scanning electron microscope image in Fig. 1A was taken with an XL30 ESEM-FEG at the LeRoy Eying Center (5 kV, 3500×).

Staunton J.R., Doss B.L., Lindsay S, & Ros R. (2016). Correlating confocal microscopy and atomic force indentation reveals metastatic cancer cells stiffen during invasion into collagen I matrices. Scientific Reports, 6, 19686.

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Time-resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

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Steady-state and time-resolved PL measurements have been performed by a home-built confocal micro-PL setup. A picosecond-pulsed diode laser (LDH-P-C-450B, PicoQuant) with and excitation energy of 2.8 eV (full width at half maximum, 50 ps) was used to excite the sample, which was focused by a 50× [numerical aperture (NA), 0.95] objective. The beam size in PL measurements was ~1 μm, smaller than our sample size. The PL emission was collected with the same objective, dispersed with a monochromator (Andor Technology), and detected by a thermoelectric-cooled charge-coupled device (Andor Technology). Time-resolved PL was measured using a single-photon avalanche diode (PDM series, PicoQuant) and a single-photon counting module (PicoQuant). The time resolution of the time-resolved PL setup is ~100 ps. Measurements with excitation energy of 2.1 eV were carried out with an optical parametric amplifier (OPA; TOPAS-Twins, Light Conversion Ltd) pumped by a high-repetition rate amplifier (400 KHz, PHAROS, Light Conversion Ltd.).

Zhu T., Yuan L., Zhao Y., Zhou M., Wan Y., Mei J, & Huang L. (2018). Highly mobile charge-transfer excitons in two-dimensional WS2/tetracene heterostructures. Science Advances, 4(1), eaao3104.

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Perovskite Lasing Measurement Protocol

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The light source for perovskite lasing measurements was the femtosecond laser (Stimulated light with 395 nm, frequency 1000 Hz) coupled with a confocal μ-PL system (Zeiss M1). The emitted light was collected by a CCD detector joint with an optical multichannel analyzer (Andor, SR-500i-D1-R). The PL decay curves were measured by a photon counting detector (PicoQuant, PDM series) with a resolution of ~ 100 ps.

Xu Z., Han X., Wu W., Li F., Wang R., Lu H., Lu Q., Ge B., Cheng N., Li X., Yao G., Hong H., Liu K, & Pan C. (2023). Controlled on-chip fabrication of large-scale perovskite single crystal arrays for high-performance laser and photodetector integration. Light, Science & Applications, 12, 67.

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Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

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The PL spectra were taken with a Renishaw InVia Raman spectrometer system using a 514.3 nm laser (2.41 eV) as the excitation source. A 50 objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.75 and a 2400 lines/mm and 1800 lines/mm grating were chosen during the measurement to achieve better signal-to-noise ratio. The time-resolved PL measurements This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
were taken on an inverted microscope (Zeiss Axio Observer) equipped with an avalanche photodiode (Picoquant PDM series with PicoHarp 300 timing electronics). For the PL lifetime measurements, a 532 nm picosecond laser diode (70 ps pulse duration, 40 MHz repetition rate; PicoQuant) excitation source was used, and a 532 nm band pass filter was placed after laser source to purify the laser beam. A 100× objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.9 (Zeiss, Inc.) was used to focus the pulsed laser to a small spot of 1.6 × 10 -6 cm 2 with an estimated peak power density of 7.5 kW cm -2 .

Lin W.H., Wu P.C., Akbari H., Rossman G.R., Yeh N.C, & Atwater H.A. (2022). Electrically Tunable and Dramatically Enhanced Valley-Polarized Emission of Monolayer WS₂ at Room Temperature with Plasmonic Archimedes Spiral Nanostructures. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 34(3).

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Optical Characterization of hBN Quantum Emitters

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Optical characterization of samples was performed in a home-built confocal microscope capable of optical spectroscopy in visible range (Princeton HRS 300 system) and intensity auto-correlation measurement (g2(𝜏)) in a Hanbury Brown Twiss (HBT) configuration using a 50-50 beam splitter and two avalanche photo diodes (PDM Series -PicoQuant). We used a fast-scanning mirror (Newport) and a 4f telecentric configuration to perform photoluminescence mapping. The microscope uses a 532 nm CW laser (Cobolt) to pump emitters in hBN, a 100X objective (Leica)
A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t
to focus the beam on the sample and used 50 µW power of laser (before objective) for all emitters.
A quarter wave plate was put in the beam path at 45 0 orientations with respect to linear polarization of laser in order to produce circularly polarized light. We pumped with circularly polarized light to excite all emitters irrespective of their in-plane dipole orientation. A tunable bandpass filter nm (42) . For numerical simulation we considered the emission wavelength of 600 nm for the quantum emitter corresponding to the emitter 'A' (Fig. 2e). The dashed line within the shaded region corresponds to QY = 0.79 as estimated from our experimental data (Supplementary Sec.

Jha P.K., Akbari H., Kim Y., Biswas S, & Atwater H.A. (2021). Nanoscale axial position and orientation measurement of hexagonal boron nitride quantum emitters using a tunable nanophotonic environment. Nanotechnology, 33(1).

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