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7 protocols using rhodamine phalloidine

1

Immunofluorescence Staining of Adhesion Proteins

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Cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Tousimis, Bethesda MD) at room temperature (RT) or methanol at -20C. Formaldehyde-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.25% TritonX-100 (Sigma, St. Louis MO) and blocked in 5% bovine serum albumin (Sigma, St. Louis MO). Cells were incubated overnight in primary antibodies (1:200) and fluorophore-conjugated species-specific secondary antibody was used at 1:600 dilution for 1-2h at RT. Antibodies used in this study are as follows; αv-integrin (Q20-R; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas TX), HER2 (clone 29D8, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly MA), LAMP2 (Southern Biotech, Birmingham AL), Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Life Technologies (Eugene OR). F-Actin was stained with rhodamine phalloidine (1:200; Life Technologies, Eugene OR) and Hoechst (1:5000) was used to co-stain nuclei, and coverslips were mounted on microscope slides with ProLong Gold antifade reagent (Life Technologies, Eugene OR). High-resolution images were captured at 40x magnification using a Zeiss Apotome microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Munich Germany) at the OHSU Advanced Light Microscopy core facility.
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2

Caveolin-1 Dynamics During Actin Remodeling

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Cells seeded on gelatin coated glass coverslips were fixed 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after treatment using 4% formalin. After washing, the cells were permeabilized with 0.01% triton X-100 and blocked with 1% BSA. F-actin was stained overnight with Rhodamine-Phalloidine (Life Technologies, Eugene, OR, USA, 1:40) and Cav-1 with anti-Cav-1 (abcam, Cambridge, UK, 1:2000). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst and Cav-1 was detected using second antibody goat anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (abcam). The coverslips were mounted with Vecta Shield (Vector Laboratories, CA, USA) and screened using a Leica DMRA fluorescence microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany).
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3

Immunofluorescence analysis of cell signaling

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Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent was obtained from Life Technology. Antibodies to Akt, phosphor-Akt (Thr308), PTEN, phospho-PTEN or β-actin were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. CD133 antibody was obtained from Miltenyi Biotec. Rhodamine-phalloidine was obtained from Molecular Probes. Matrigel was obtained from Sigma.
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4

Rhodamine-labeled F-actin Extraction

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G-actin was extracted as described by Pardee and Spudich (1982) (link) from acetone powder prepared from the residues of mice muscles after myosin extraction. After polymerization, F-actin was labeled by incubation for several hours with rhodamine-phalloidine (Molecular Probes R415) as described by Kron et al. (1991) (link).
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5

Chondroitin-4-Sulfate Immunodetection Protocol

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For detection of chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitinase ABC (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) diluted in 100mM Tris acetate buffer (0.2 U/ml) was applied on the sections at 37 o C for 1 hr. The sections were subsequently incubated with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate monoclonal antibody 2B6 (Cosmo Bio, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at a dilution of 1: 20 for 3 hrs at RT, and then incubated with FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgGs (MP Biomedicals, LLC., Santa Ana, CA) at a dilution of 1:100 for 1 hr at RT. The sections were observed under confocal laser scaning microscopy (FV1000, Olympus, Co., Tokyo, Japan). Frozen section with 20µm thickness were incubated in a solution of rhodamine-phalloidine (Molecular Probes. Inc., Eugene, OR) for 3 days. The images were acquired by a structured illumination microscopy system (SIM) (N-SIM, Nikon Instruments, Nikon Imaging Center at Hokkaido University) equipped with an Eclipse Ti-E inverted microscope using CFI Apo TIRF x 100 oil objective lens, and were processed with the NIS-Elements software (Nikon Instruments).
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6

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Drosophila Leg Discs

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Leg discs from prepupae (from 0h to 4h after puparium formation depending on experiments) are dissected in PBS 1x. Tissue are fixed by paraformaldehyde 4% diluted in PBS 1x during 20 minutes. Then the samples are washed and saturated in PBS 1x, 0.3% triton x-100 and BSA 1% (BBT). Next, the samples are incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies diluted in BBT. Samples are washed for 1h in BBT before a 2h incubation at room temperature with secondary antibodies diluted in BBT. Finally, samples are washed with PBS 1x, 0.3% Triton x-100 for 1h and mounted in Vectashields containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories). A 120-μm-deep spacer (Secure-Seal™ from Sigma-Aldrich) is placed in between the glass slide and the coverslip to preserve morphology of the tissues.
Primary antibodies from Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) are klarsicht-C antibody (9C10-s, mouse, 1:50), Lamin Dm0 (ADL195-s, mouse, 1:50) and E-Cadherin antibody (DCAD2, rat, 1:50). Anti-cleaved Dcp-1 (#9578, rabbit, 1:200) was obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies. Secondary antibodies (Alexa488 and 647) are purchased from Interchim and diluted at 1:200 or 1:100 respectively. Phalloidine-Rhodamine (Fischer Scientific) used to stain F-actin is diluted at 1:200.
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7

Apoptosis Profiling in Drosophila Leg Discs

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To limit the intrinsic variability in the apoptotic pattern, imaginal leg discs were dissected 2 h after pupal formation in PBS 1X, then washed in PBS 1x, 0.3% triton x-100 and BSA 1% (BBT), then incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies diluted in BBT. After the primary antibody, the samples were washed for 1 h in BBT, incubated for 2 h at room temperature with secondary antibodies diluted in BBT, washed with PBS 1x, 0.3% Triton X-100 for 1 h, and mounted in Vectashield (Vector Laboratories), using a 120-μm deep spacer (Secure-SealTM from Sigma-Aldrich) to preserve tissue morphology.
Anti-Dcp1 (Cell Signaling Technologies) and anti-Dpn (ab195172; Abcam) were both used at a dilution of 1/100. Phalloidine–Rhodamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific) used to stain F-actin was diluted at 1:200.
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