Glucose

TNBS, non-selective COX inhibitor, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), selective COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560), ethanol (etOH), fluorescein, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and O-dianisidine were purchased from Sigma^® (Brazil). The selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) was purchased from Pfizer (Brazil). The salts used for the Krebs solution (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, and glucose) were obtained from Dinâmica^® (Brazil).

glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed, respectively, to investigate glucose and insulin sensitivity in the HFD-fed mice treated or not with test drugs, during the 13th and 14th weeks of the experiment. For GTT, mice were fasted for 6 h and treated intraperitoneally with 2 g/kg of glucose (Dinâmica, Brazil) in 0.9% saline. Tail-vein blood samples were obtained and blood glucose was determined at times 0 (basal level), 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose injection using an automatic FreeStyle Optium Neo glucometer (Abbott). For ITT, mice were fasted for 4 h and treated intraperitoneally with 0.75 U/kg of human insulin (Eli Lilly, USA) in 0.9% saline. Blood glucose was determined as described for GTT. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for both tests (26 (link)).