Thiopental sodium

Manufactured by Sandoz

Sourced in Austria, Poland

Thiopental sodium is a barbiturate compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is commonly utilized in various research and analytical applications. The primary function of thiopental sodium is to serve as a controlled substance that enables specific experimental protocols and procedures within a controlled laboratory setting.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ta11pa c40 radiotelemetric probes, by Data Sciences International (1 mentions) Zoletil, by Virbac (1 mentions) Naltrexone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Interleukin 6 (il 6), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Il 1β, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Accu chek, by Roche (1 mentions) Rnalater solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

21 protocols using thiopental sodium

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Compounds

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The tested compounds KSK-61, KSK-63, KSK-73, and KSK-74 (Table 4) were synthesized in the Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. The identity and purity of the final product were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques (the minimum purity was greater than 95%) [44 (link)]. For safety studies, KSK-61, KSK-63, KSK-73, and KSK-74 were suspended in 1% Tween 80.
Based on our previous studies using various compounds from the same chemical group, the most appropriate starting dose for research was 10 mg/kg b.w. At this dose, the tested compounds were active in preventing the development of selected metabolic disorders. In addition, in the study assessing the effect of investigated compounds on motor coordination and locomotor activity, the dose was increased three times according to the standard dose escalation procedure (logarithmic scale).
Heparin was obtained from Polfa Warszawa S.A. (Warsaw, Poland) and thiopental sodium from Sandoz GmbH (Kundl, Austria).

Mika K., Szafarz M., Bednarski M., Siwek A., Szczepańska K., Kieć-Kononowicz K, & Kotańska M. (2023). Evaluation of Some Safety Parameters of Dual Histamine H3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands with Anti-Obesity Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 7499.

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Premedication Effects on Thiopental Anesthesia in Dogs

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After confirmation of their health, the dogs were randomly divided into three equal groups of fourteen as follows:

Control group (C): animals received normal saline (1 mg/kg) 5 minutes before administration of sodium thiopental (17.5 mg/kg).

Experiment group 1 (T1): animals received ketoprofen (2.2 mg/kg) 5 minutes before sodium thiopental administration.

Experimental group 2 (T2): animals received dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) 5 minutes before sodium thiopental administration.

Thiopental sodium (0.5 g vials; Sandoz, Austria, Lot No. 150566), ketoprofen (Ketofen 10%, Abureyhan, Tehran, Iran), dexamethasone (Dexa Vet 0.2%, Abureyhan, Tehran, Iran), and normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9%, Martyr Judge Serum Company, Tabriz, Iran) were purchased from local suppliers.

Raeeszadeh M, & Ghaffari M.P. (2022). Drug Interaction between Dexamethasone and Ketoprofen with Thiopental in Male Dogs: Effect on the Recovery from Anesthesia and Pharmacokinetics Parameters. Veterinary Medicine International, 2022, 3016853.

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Evaluating EMD 386088 Dosage Effects

Cited 1 time

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Heparin was delivered by Polfa Warszawa S.A. (Warsaw, Poland), while thiopental sodium and ketoprofen were from Sandoz GmbH (Austria), kethamine and xylasine from Biowet Puławy (Poland), and cefuroxime from Polfarma S.A. (Poland). EMD 386088 (Figure 1) was synthesized in the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. We chose two doses of EMD 386088 (i.e., 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) based on our previous experiments (Jastrzebska-Wiesek et al., 2016 (link)).

Kotańska M., Śniecikowska J., Jastrzębska-Więsek M., Kołaczkowski M, & Pytka K. (2017). Metabolic and Cardiovascular Benefits and Risks of EMD386088—A 5-HT6 Receptor Partial Agonist and Dopamine Transporter Inhibitor. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 50.

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Radiotelemetry for Direct Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

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In accordance with the current recommendations for BP measurement in experimental animals, we employed a radiotelemetry system for direct BP measurements [62 (link)]. Rats were anesthetized with a combination of tiletamine, zolazepam (Zoletil; Virbac SA, Carros Cedex, France; 8 mg/kg), and xylazine (Rometar, Spofa, Czech Republic; 4 mg/kg), given intramuscularly, and TA11PA-C40 radiotelemetric probes (Data Sciences International, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) were implanted for direct BP measurements as described previously [57 (link),61 (link)]. The rats were allowed 7 days to recover before basal BP was recorded and only animals with stable BP records at the end of this recovery period were used for experiments. Basal BP was determined for 3 days and then the treatment was initiated and continued for 14 days. In the animals implanted with radiotransmitters, 24-h urine samples were collected before the start of pharmacological treatment (day −1), and then on days 1, 6 and 13 of treatment, to assess daily sodium excretion and albuminuria. At the end of experiments, all animals were killed by an overdose of thiopental sodium (Sandoz, Basel, Switzerland) and the ratio of LV weight (LVW) to tibia length was used to evaluate the degree of LVH [48 (link),49 (link),57 (link),61 (link)]. The following groups were examined:

Červenka L., Husková Z., Kopkan L., Kikerlová S., Sedláková L., Vaňourková Z., Alánová P., Kolář F., Hammock B.D., Hwang S.H., Imig J.D., Falck J.R., Sadowski J., Kompanowska-Jezierska E, & Neckář J. (2018). Two pharmacological epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-enhancing therapies are effectively antihypertensive and reduce the severity of ischemic arrhythmias in rats with angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Journal of hypertension, 36(6), 1326-1341.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Pyridine-Piperazine Compounds

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Tested compounds KSK-59: 1-(4-((6-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)hexyl)oxy) phenyl)ethan-1-one oxalate and KSK-73: 1-(4-((8-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)octyl) oxy)phenyl)ethan-1-one oxalate were synthesized at the Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. Identity and purity of the final product were assessed by NMR and LC-MS techniques (the minimum purity was more than 95%). For both pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies KSK-K59 and KSK-73 (10 mg/kg b.w. or 1 mg/kg b.w. of rats) were suspended in 1% Tween 80 and the volume was adjusted to 10 mL/kg. Heparin was delivered by Polfa Warszawa S.A. (Warsaw, Poland), thiopental sodium was obtained from Sandoz GmbH, (Kundl, Austria), bupropion from TCI Co. (Fukaya, Japan) and naltrexone from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany).
The compounds were administrated i.p. to exclude the influence of special feeding on absorption and to avoid the exposure of animals to excessive stress associated with multiple administrations (multiple intragastric administrations are much more stressful for the animals than intraperitoneal).

Mika K., Szafarz M., Bednarski M., Latacz G., Sudoł S., Handzlik J., Pociecha K., Knutelska J., Nicosia N., Szczepańska K., Kuder K.J., Kieć-Kononowicz K, & Kotańska M. (2021). Histamine H3 Receptor Ligands—KSK-59 and KSK-73—Reduce Body Weight Gain in a Rat Model of Excessive Eating. Pharmaceuticals, 14(11), 1080.

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Heparin and Thiopental Sodium Protocol

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Heparin was delivered by Polfa Warszawa S.A. (Warsaw, Poland), and thiopental sodium was obtained from Sandoz GmbH, (Kundl, Austria).

Lubelska A., Latacz G., Jastrzębska-Więsek M., Kotańska M., Kurczab R., Partyka A., Marć M.A., Wilczyńska D., Doroz-Płonka A., Łażewska D., Wesołowska A., Kieć-Kononowicz K, & Handzlik J. (2019). Are the Hydantoin-1,3,5-triazine 5-HT6R Ligands a Hope to a Find New Procognitive and Anti-Obesity Drug? Considerations Based on Primary In Vivo Assays and ADME-Tox Profile In Vitro. Molecules, 24(24), 4472.

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Heparin and Thiopental Anesthesia in Rats

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On the day of the experiments, overnight fasted rats were weighed and injected intraperitoneally with heparin sodium, 1000 IU (B.Braun Melsungen AG.D-34209 Melsungen, Germany). One hour later, rats were anaesthetized with thiopental sodium 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (Sandoz, GmbH, Kundl-Austria).

, & Seif A.A. (2014). Nigella Sativa reverses osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14, 22.

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Experimental Periodontitis Induction in Rats

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Experimental periodontitis was induced as described before in anaesthetized (thiopental sodium, Sandoz, GmbX, Austria; 40 mg/kg, IV) male Sprague-Dawley rats assigned to all the groups except one with intact animals by ligating the second upper molar with a silk thread (5-0, Ethicon Inc., USA) [7 (link)].

Blinova E.V., Shikh E.V., Semeleva E.V., Yurochkina A.M., Novikov A.V., Vediaeva A.P., Lebedev A.B., Lobanova E.G., Vasilkina O.V., Blinov D.S., Mazov Y.A, & Kogan E.A. (2020). Novel Dimethylacetamide-Containing Formulation Improves Infraorbital Anaesthesia Efficacy in Rats with Periodontitis. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 3058735.

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Time-Dependent Brain Fixation in Mice

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Mice were euthanized at postnatal days 5, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 50 via i.p. injection of ~10 ml/kg body weight Thiopental Sodium (Sandoz) (50 mg/ml in physiological saline) and transcardially perfused with 4% formalin prepared from a 37% stock (Merck) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) (Sigma-Aldrich). Brains were removed and stored in 4% formalin overnight at 4°C. Following fixation, brains were incubated in 20% sucrose for cryo-preservation and tissue slices were prepared as frozen coronal sections (thickness 20 μm).

Trattnig C., Üçal M., Tam-Amersdorfer C., Bucko A., Zefferer U., Grünbacher G., Absenger-Novak M., Öhlinger K.A., Kraitsy K., Hamberger D., Schaefer U, & Patz S. (2018). MicroRNA-451a overexpression induces accelerated neuronal differentiation of Ntera2/D1 cells and ablation affects neurogenesis in microRNA-451a-/- mice. PLoS ONE, 13(11), e0207575.

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Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization of KSK Compounds

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The tested compounds (KSK-60 and KSK-74) were synthesized at the Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. The identity and purity of the final product were assessed by NMR and LC-MS techniques (the minimum purity was greater than 95%). For both pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies, KSK-60 and KSK-74 (1 or 10 mg/kg) were suspended in 1% Tween 80 and the volume was adjusted to 1 mL/kg. Heparin was delivered from Polfa Warszawa S.A. (Warsaw, Poland), thiopental sodium was obtained from Sandoz GmbH, (Kundl, Austria), and phentermine was obtained from the National Measurement Institute (Pymble, Australia); (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, thioperamide, and clobenpropit were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

Mika K., Szafarz M., Zadrożna M., Nowak B., Bednarski M., Szczepańska K., Pociecha K., Kubacka M., Nicosia N., Juda I., Kieć-Kononowicz K, & Kotańska M. (2022). KSK-74: Dual Histamine H3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand with Anti-Obesity Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(13), 7011.

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