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5 protocols using immobilion fl pvdf membrane

1

Western Blot Protein Analysis Protocol

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Whole cell lysates (WCL) were obtained using lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4; 1% Nonidet P-40; 0.25% sodium deoxycholate; 150 mM NaCl; 1mM EDTA with protease inhibitors) followed by centrifugation at 15,000 g for 15 minutes at 4°C. Protein concentrations of the lysates were measured by the Bradford assay method (Sigma, MO, USA). Equal amounts of protein were loaded onto SDS-PAGE gel, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, CA, USA) or Immobilion-FL PVDF membrane (EMD Millipore) and incubated overnight with the primary antibody of interest. The horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1:3000) (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, TX, USA) or the IRDye 680RD and 800CW secondary antibodies (1:2000) (LI-COR, NE, USA) were used. Proteins of interest were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (Amersham, IL, USA) and Kodak X-OMAT film or with an infrared imaging system (LI-COR, NE, USA). Actin, GAPDH, α-tubulin and lamin B1 protein levels were used as loading controls.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Liver Proteins

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Liver tissue was homogenized in Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent (T-PER®, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Equal amounts of protein were loaded onto Criterion Tris-HCl gels (Bio-Rad Lab, Hercules, CA) and electro-transferred to Immobilion® - FL PVDF membrane (EMD Millipore). The membranes were blocked in either 5% Non-Fat Dry Milk or 5% bovine serum albumin in TBST depending on the primary antibody manufacturer’s recommendation for 1 hour at room temperature. Membranes were then incubated with the primary antibody overnight followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 hour. Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) was used to detect the HRP activity of the secondary antibodies and expose to films. Primary antibodies used were: phopsho-PERK (Product # 3179), total PERK (Product # 3192), phospho-eIF2α (9721), and total eIF2α (9722) from Cell Signaling Technology, ATF4 (sc-200) and CHOP (sc-7351) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, GAPDH (Millipore, Mab374) and alpha-tubulin (Sigma, T9026).
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3

Tumor Lysate Preparation and Western Blot

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Tumor lysates were prepared from flash-frozen tumor pieces in RIPA buffer (150mM sodium chloride, 50mM Tris-HCl pH7.4, 2mM EDTA,10m NaF, 10mM Sodium pyrophosphate, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 1% NP-40) supplemented with 1mM sodium orthovanadate, 1mM PMSF, 10mM NaF, 10ug/ul leupeptin and 10ug/ul apotinin. Whole cell lysate was also prepared in RIPA buffer. Protein concentration was quantified by Bradford Assay (Bio-Rad) and 25ug of total protein was resolved by SDS-PAGE, and transferred to Immobilion FL PVDF membranes (Millipore), and block with Odyssey Blocking buffer (Li-COR Biosciences). Primary antibodies were diluted in Odyssey Blocking buffer overnight at 4°C. Secondary fluorophore-conjugated antibodies, IRDye 800 anti-rabbit, IRDye 680 anti-goat and IRDye 680 anti-mouse were incubated for 1hr at room temperature. Immunoblots were scanned with Odyssey CL-X imaging system, and images were processed with Image Studio Lite V4.0.
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4

Dose-dependent Chk1/2 and PARP Analysis

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Prior to lysis, HeLa cells were treated with the IC50 (for analysis of Chk1/2) or IC85 (for analysis of cleaved PARP) concentrations of compounds 2 and 5-8, or DMSO vehicle control for 24 h or a 4, 8, 16, and 24 h time course. Cells were collected by scraping and lysed with cell extraction buffer (Invitrogen) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mM NaF, 200 μM Na3VO4 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein concentration was determined by a Coomassie Plus assay kit (Life Technologies) and equal amounts of protein were resolved by SDS-PAGE on NuPage Bolt 12% Bis-Tris gels (Life Technologies) and transferred to Immobilion-FL PVDF membranes (Millipore). Membranes were probed with primary antibodies diluted in Odyssey blocking buffer (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) for Chk1, p-Chk1 (Ser345), Chk2, cleaved PARP, and GAPDH at 1:1000 and p-Chk2 (Thr68) at 1:500 (Cell Signaling Technology). IRDye 680 or 800 secondary antibodies were used at 1:20000 (LI-COR Biosciences), and the fluorescence signals were imaged on an Odyssey FC (LI-COR Biosciences).
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5

Western Blot Protein Expression Analysis

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Cells were placed on ice and the media were aspirated. The cells were washed once with cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and harvested in cold 1 × lysis buffer [50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton-100, containing 40 μl/mL complete protease inhibitors (Roche Applied Science)]. Lysates were cleared by centrifugation at 12 000 × g for 10 min at 4°C and the protein content was determined. Equal amounts of protein were electrophoretically separated on 10% SDS/polyacrylamide gels and proteins were transferred onto Immobilion-FL PVDF membranes (Millipore). Membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in PBST for 1 hour at room temperature followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with primary antibodies against Actin (1:40000 MP Biomedicals), α-tubulin (1:4000 Abcam), Lamin B (1:1000 Santa Cruz), Bcl-3 (1:500 Santa Cruz). Primary antibodies were detected with horseradish peroxidase-labelled secondary antibody (1:5000, DAKO). The chemoluminescence was detected with a charge-coupled device camera (Fujifilm).
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