Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, ≥98.5%), chlorogenic acid (European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard), diclofenac (≥98%), kojic acid (≥98.5%), (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum, hyaluronidase from bovine testes, mushroom tyrosinase and porcine pancreas elastase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Soybean LOX was a product from TCI chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Acetonitrile was HPLC grade. Other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade.
Butylated hydroxyanisole
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China
Butylated hydroxyanisole is a synthetic antioxidant used as a food additive and in certain laboratory applications. It functions as a preservative to prevent oxidation and spoilage of various products.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Butylated hydroxytoluene, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (12 mentions)
α tocopherol, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Potassium ferricyanide, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Linoleic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
β carotene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Ferrozine, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
77 protocols using butylated hydroxyanisole
1
Antioxidant and Enzyme Assays
2
Pheroid and pro-Pheroid Formulations Development
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The fatty acids used in the preparation the Pheroid® and the pro-Pheroid® formulations were obtained as vitamin F ethyl ester CLR (CLR Chemisches Laboratorium, IMCD), PEG 400 (Sigma-Aldrich, South Africa), Incromega E3322 and E7010 (Croda Chemicals, South Africa). Other ingredients included dl-Alpha tocopherol (Chempure, South Africa), Kolliphor EL (BASF, Germany), preservatives (methylparaben and propylparaben, Sigma-Aldrich) and the antioxidants (butylatedhydroxyanisole and butylatedhydroxytoluene, Sigma Aldrich, South Africa). The formulations were gassed with nitrous oxide gas obtained from Afrox (South Africa).
The supplier for most of the chemicals used in the mutagenicity assay (mutagens 2-acetylaminofluoroene, aflatoxin B1, biotin, histidine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) was Sigma Chemical Co (South Africa). The mutagen cumolhydroperoxide was obtained from Merck (United States), dimethyl sulfoxide was brought from BDH Laboratory suppliers (Kuwait), Bacto® Agar was sourced from Difco® Laboratories (United States) and Oxoid nutrient broth #2 was purchased from Oxoid (United Kingdom).
The supplier for most of the chemicals used in the mutagenicity assay (mutagens 2-acetylaminofluoroene, aflatoxin B1, biotin, histidine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) was Sigma Chemical Co (South Africa). The mutagen cumolhydroperoxide was obtained from Merck (United States), dimethyl sulfoxide was brought from BDH Laboratory suppliers (Kuwait), Bacto® Agar was sourced from Difco® Laboratories (United States) and Oxoid nutrient broth #2 was purchased from Oxoid (United Kingdom).
3
Neural Differentiation of DFCs and SHEDs
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A total of 1×10 5 DFCs and SHEDs were seeded into each well of a 6-well plate. Upon reaching 70% confluence, cells were cultured in neurogenic medium containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide, 200 μM butylated hydroxyanisole (Sigma, USA), 25 mM KCl (Kelong, China), 2 mM valproic acid (Sigma, USA), 10 μM forskolin (Sigma, USA), 1 μM hydroxycortisone (Sigma, USA), and 5 μg/mL insulin (Gibco, USA) 3 (link). Cells grown in α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS served as the negative control. After 4 h, cells were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining to determine the expression of the neural cell marker nestin (Abcam, USA). Images were captured and staining was analyzed under a fluorescence microscope (OLYMPUS, Japan). The expression of neurogenic genes GFAP, nestin and βIII-tubulin was analyzed using real-time PCR. The primer sequences are listed in Table 1 . Relative expression levels were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCT method and normalized to the reference GAPDH gene. The experiment was repeated three times.
4
Evaluation of Topical Antifungal Formulations
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EFN was obtained from Cipla Limited (Mumbai, India). Transcutol P was obtained from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Quercetin (purity > 95%, internal standard, IS), isopropyl myristate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether (Brij O20), sodium azide, sorbic acid, citric acid, cycloheximide, and chloramphenicol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Jublia® (commercial 10% EFN topical solution, reference control #1) was obtained from Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. (Laval, QC, Canada). Fulcare® (8% ciclopirox nail lacquer, reference control #2) was purchased from A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.r.l. (Firenze, Italy). Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) medium and yeast malt (YM) agar medium were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Solvents for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were obtained from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA) and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
5
Antioxidant Activity Assay Protocol
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α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), linoleic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene, α-tocopherol, bovine serum albumin, thiobarbituric acid, ferrozine, lecithin, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), ammonium thiocyanate, ferric chloride, KH2PO4, and K2HPO4 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, NaBr, and trichloacetic acid were obtained from Merck & Co. Inc. (Kenilworth, JN, USA). Tween 20 was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). HCl, NaCl, and copper sulfate were purchased from the Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). EDTA was purchased from Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals (Raleigh, NC, USA). Ferrous chloride, Coomassie brilliant blue G-250, n-butanol, and phosphotungstic acid were bought from Avantor Performance Materials (Baker analyzed reagents; Center Valley, PA, USA).
6
Neural Differentiation of hUC-MSCs with Resveratrol
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hUC-MSCs at P4 were incubated with RES (0, 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM) for 6 days before neural differentiation induction, which was modified on the basis of the protocol previously described (Karahuseyinoglu et al., 2007 (link)). hUC-MSCs were pre-induced for 24 h in DMEM-LG containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, Peprotech, USA) was added for an additional 24 h, then incubated in the induction medium for another 24 h: DMEM-LG with 2% DMSO (Sigma, USA), 100 μM butylated hydroxyanisole (Sigma, USA), 25 mM KCl, 10 μM forskolin, 5 μg/ml insulin and 1 μM hydrocortisone, followed by neuro-basal medium, supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (Sigma, USA), 10 ng/ml bFGF, 1 × N2 supplement (Gibco, USA), 1 × B-27 supplement (Gibco, USA), and 2 mM L-glutamine (Sigma, USA) for the maintenance of differentiation.
7
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol
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Folin–Ciocalteu (FCR), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae Green Alternative powder, ≥150 units/mg protein (biuret), gallic acid, quercetin, and AlCl3 were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany). All the organic solvents and other chemicals used in the present study were of analytical grade and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany).
8
Comparative analysis of Docetaxel and Nanoxel
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Docetaxel and Nanoxel were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan) and Samyang Biopharmaceuticals (Seongnam, Korea), respectively. Thrombin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), menadione, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Collagen was acquired from Chrono-log (Havertown, PA, USA) and 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (WST-1) was obtained from Seoul Clinical Genomics (Seoul, Korea). Fura-2/AM and 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (Amplex Red) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Premix WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay System was acquired from Takara Bio (Shiga, Japan). All other chemicals used were of the highest purity available and purchased from standard suppliers.
9
Isolation and Characterization of Enzymes
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The α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes were purchased from Megazyme. p-Nitrophenyl α-d -glucopyranoside, soluble starch, potassium sodium tartrate, 3,5-di-nitro salicylic acid (DNS), sodium hydroxide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene, linoleic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), Follin–Ciocalteau reagent, gallic acid and other chemicals and solvents of analytical grade were purchased from Sigma (MO, USA). Gravity flow chromatography columns were using Merck Kieselgel 60 F254 Art No 1.07734.1000 (63–200 µm) for fractionation process and 1.09385.1000 (40–63 µm) for isolation.
10
Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
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Enzymes and chemical compounds used in this study including pepsin, pancreatin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), glutathione, butylated hydroxyanisole, potassium persulfate, trichloroacetic acid, 3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), EDTA, and trifluoroacetic acid were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All cell cultured components were purchased from Gibco, Grand Island, New York, USA. RNA isolation and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis kits were purchased from Roche (Mannheim, Germany) and Thermo Fisher Scientific Company (168 Third Avenue Waltham, MA 02451, USA), respectively.
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