Bentonite from Alto Valle (Neuquen, Argentina) was used as the starting material. This clay mineral has shown a cation exchange capacity of 0.89 meq·g−1 [27 (link)]. The AlCl3·6H2O and NaOH produced by J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) were used to prepare the pillaring solution. The natural and pillared interlayered clays (PILC) were treated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98 wt %), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37 wt %) and nitric acid (HNO3, 65 wt %) (Vetec, Duque de Caxias, Brazil). Samples of fatty acid from castor oil (FACO) were supplied by Miracema-Nuodex (Campinas, Brazil). This acid contains the following composition: ricinoleic acid (C18:1-OH12) 85.4 wt %, linoleic acid (C18:2) 6.6 wt %, oleic acid (C18:1) 5.3 wt %, palmitic acid (C16:0) 1.5 wt % and stearic acid (C18:0) 1.2 wt %. The calculated mean molar mass of FACO was 295.62 g mol−1. 2-ethylhexanol (EH) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Commercial 3A zeolite was obtained from Grace (Columbia, MD, USA) in a spherical shape. The particle sizes, obtained by the Tyler/mesh procedure, were between 1.68 and 2.38 mm. The gases employed were He (Air Liquide 99.99%), N2 (Air Liquide 99.9999%), Ar (Air Liquide 99.99%) and NH3 (Air Liquide 99.9%).
Nitric acid
Manufactured by Vetec
Sourced in Brazil
Nitric acid is a colorless, highly corrosive liquid chemical compound with the formula HNO3. It is a strong mineral acid used in a variety of industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Milli q integral 10 system, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Vetec (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Milli q water, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferric nitrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bovine heart cytochrome c, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sephadex g 75 superfine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using nitric acid
1
Bentonite Clay Pillaring and Acid Modification
2
Trace Element Analysis in Milk Samples
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All reagents were of analytical grade. Ultra-pure water (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ cm) was obtained from a Milli-Q® INTEGRAL 10 system (Millipore, MA, United States). Nitric acid (Vetec, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was purified by sub-boiling followed by distillation in a quartz still (Kürner Analysentechnik, Rosenheim, Germany). The multi-element standard solution Merck IV (Merck, São Paulo, Brazil), comprising 29 elements in diluted Nitric acid, was employed to prepare standard analytical curves. Two reference materials, certified Skimmed Milk Powder ERM®-BD150 (European Commission, Belgium) and Milk Powder 1549 (NIST SRM, United States) were used to assess method accuracy.
3
Ultrapure Water and Nitric Acid Prep
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All reagents were of analytical grade. Ultra-pure water (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ cm) was obtained from a Milli-Q® INTEGRAL 10 system (Millipore Co., Billerica, MA, USA). Nitric acid (Vetec, RJ, BRA) was purified by sub-boiling followed by distillation in a quartz still (Kürner Analysentechnik, ROS, DEU). A multi-element standard solution Merck IV (Merck, SP, BRA), comprising 29 elements diluted in Nitric acid, was employed to construct the calibration curves.
4
Trace Element Analysis of Milk Powder
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Standard solutions and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents, including methanol (MeOH), ethanol and acetonitrile with HPLC grade were purchased from Tedia Company Inc. (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRA). Agar yeast, extract glucose, chloramphenicol (YGC) and agar glucose and yeast extract were purchased from Hexis Científica (São Paulo, SP, BRA). Agar Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) was purchased from Acumedia (Lansing, MI, USA); 3M PetrifilmTM Salmonella Express Sy and 3M PetrifilmTM E. coli Count Plate were purchased from 3M Health Care (São Paulo, SP, BRA). All reagents were analytical grade. Nitric acid (Vetec, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRA) was purified by sub-boiling followed by distillation in a quartz still (Kürner Analysentechnik, Rosenheim, BY, DEU). The multi-element standard solution Merck IV (Merck, São Paulo, SP, BRA) comprising 29 elements in Nitric acid was employed to prepare standard analytical curves. Two reference materials, certified Skimmed Milk Powder ERM®-BD150 and Milk Powder 1549 were used to assess method accuracy (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultra-pure water (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ cm) obtained from a Milli-Q® INTEGRAL 10 system (Millipore, Burlington MA, USA) was used to prepare all reagents.
5
Sample Preparation for Elemental Analysis
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All glassware and polypropylene flasks were washed with soap, soaked in 10% v v−1 HNO3 for 24 h, and rinsed with deionized water prior to use. Analytical grade reagents and milli-Q water (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) were employed. All stock standard solutions used to prepare element standard solutions were certified with AAS grade (SpecSol, Brazil). Working standard solutions were prepared daily by diluting appropriate aliquots of the stock solution in milli-Q water. Nitric acid (65% m v−1) was purchased from Vetec (Brazil). Perchloric acid (37%) was purchased from Dinamica (Brazil).
Stems and leaves were manually separated, portions were weighed and the finest part was sifted through a sieve whose mesh size was 0.2 mm. Stems were manually collected with the use of plastic tweezers, ground by a blender with stainless steel blades, and sifted through a sieve whose mesh size was 0.2 mm. After separation, both leaves and stems in each sample were ground, sifted through a 32-mesh sieve, oven-dried with forced air circulation at 40 °C until constant weight, stored individually, and identified in polyethylene bottles for later analyses.
Stems and leaves were manually separated, portions were weighed and the finest part was sifted through a sieve whose mesh size was 0.2 mm. Stems were manually collected with the use of plastic tweezers, ground by a blender with stainless steel blades, and sifted through a sieve whose mesh size was 0.2 mm. After separation, both leaves and stems in each sample were ground, sifted through a 32-mesh sieve, oven-dried with forced air circulation at 40 °C until constant weight, stored individually, and identified in polyethylene bottles for later analyses.
6
Purification and Characterization of Cytochrome c
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The materials used were ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, Sigma-Aldrich, 37%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Synth, 98%), bovine heart cytochrome c (Sigma-Aldrich, purity ≥ 95%, CAS Number: 9007-43-6), Sephadex ® G-75 superfine (Sigma-Aldrich), sodium phosphate dibasic (Na2HPO4, Synth, 98%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, Synth, 98%), potassium chloride (KCl, Synth, 99%), sodium chloride (NaCl, Synth, 99%), nitric acid (HNO3, Vetec, 65%), ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3), Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), epoxy resin (Brascola), 1,1',2,2'tetramyristoyl cardiolipin (CL, Avanti Polar Lipids, 99%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphoethanolamine (DPPE, Avanti Polar Lipids, 99%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine (DPPC, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), HPLC-grade chloroform (CHCl3, Panreac, 99.9%).
The solutions were prepared using ultrapure water provided by a Milli-Q system from Millipore (resistivity 18.2 MΩ cm).
The solutions were prepared using ultrapure water provided by a Milli-Q system from Millipore (resistivity 18.2 MΩ cm).
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