VHL signaling pathway, (ii) they are known to be prognostic
biomarkers of ccRCC and (iii) they have been reported as markers of ccpRCCs and
RATs in a small group of ccpRCCs described in recent USCAP meetings
(2011–2014). TMA sections (2.5 μm) were transferred to glass
slides and treated using Ventana Benchmark XT, Bond-max (Leica Microsystems)
automated systems, as well as manual protocols. TMA construction was not
possible in five of the ccpRCC cases due to absence of tissue. The
immunohistochemical staining product was described as nuclear, membranous or
cytoplasmic (
immunohistochemistry results were interpreted as 0 (negative), 1+ (weak
staining), 2+ (moderate staining) and 3+ (strong staining). For
statistical analysis all 2+ and 3+ stainings were defined as
positive, 0 and 1+ as negative. Antibodies and protocols are listed in