Following survival surgeries, muscle layers were sutured with 4–0 silk sutures (Covidien) and the skin was closed with surgical staples (Braintree Scientific). The surface of the skin was treated with a topical iodine solution. Immediately following the procedure, rats were treated with 5-ml subcutaneous injections of lactated Ringer’s solution (Hospira), buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg; Hospira) and cefazolin (6 mg; Hospira). Rats were then placed in a clean cage on a surgical heating pad set to 37°C (Gaymar). At 12 and 24 h after surgery, each rat was given an additional dose of buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg) and 5 ml of lactated Ringer’s solution and monitored for pain/distress.
Cefazolin
Manufactured by Pfizer
Sourced in United States
Cefazolin is a cephalosporin antibiotic used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic in the treatment of various bacterial infections. It functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby preventing the growth and reproduction of susceptible bacteria.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Micro renathane tubing, by Braintree Scientific (3 mentions)
Bacteriostatic sodium chloride, by Pfizer (2 mentions)
Surgical staples, by Braintree Scientific (1 mentions)
Buprenorphine hydrochloride, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Lactated ringer s solution, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Ampicillin sulbactam, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Clindamycin, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Unacid, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Metronidazole, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
8 protocols using cefazolin
1
Post-Operative Rat Care Protocol
2
Jugular Vein Catheterization in Rats
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The rats were anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation, and intravenous catheters were aseptically inserted in the right jugular vein using a modified version of a procedure that was described previously33 (link)–35 (link). The right jugular vein was punctured with a 22-gauge needle, and the tubing was inserted and secured inside the vein by tying the vein with suture thread. The catheter assembly consisted of an 18 cm length of MicroRenathane tubing (0.023 inch inner diameter, 0.037 inch outer diameter; Braintree Scientific, Braintree, MA, USA) that was attached to a guide cannula (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA, USA). The guide cannula was bent at a near right angle, embedded in dental acrylic, and anchored with a mesh (1 mm thick, 2 cm square). The catheter exited through a small incision on the back, and the base was sealed with a small plastic cap and metal cover cap. The catheters were flushed daily with heparinized saline (10 U/ml of heparin sodium; American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumburg, IL, USA) in 0.9% bacteriostatic sodium chloride (Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA) that contained 20 mg/0.2 ml of the antibiotic Cefazolin (Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA).
3
Aseptic Jugular Vein Catheterization in Animals
4
Surgical Implantation of Jugular Vein Catheter in Rats
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Rats were anesthetized with 1-5% isoflurane. Intravenous catheters were implanted in the right jugular vein. The catheter was constructed from an 18 cm length of Micro-Renathane tubing (0.023-inch inner diameter, 0.037-inch outer diameter; Braintree Scientific, Braintree, MA, USA) attached to a 90° guide cannula (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA, USA), which is embedded in dental acrylic, and anchored under the skin with a 2 cm square of mesh. The jugular vein was punctured with a 22-gauge needle, and then the tubing was inserted and secured inside the vein with suture thread. The catheter port is extended through an incision on the back and sealed with a plastic cap and metal cover. Catheters were flushed daily with heparinized saline (10 U/ml of heparin sodium; American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumburg, IL, USA) in 0.9% bacteriostatic sodium chloride (Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA) that contained 52.4 mg/0.2 ml of the antibiotic Cefazolin (Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA). Catheter patency is tested at the start and end of the experiment using a short-acting barbiturate.
5
Jugular Vein Catheterization in Rats
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The animals were anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation, and intravenous catheters were implanted in the right jugular vein using a modified version of a procedure that was described previously (Grimm et al., 2001; Doherty and Frantz, 2013) . The catheter assembly consisted of an 18 cm length of Micro-Renathane tubing (0.023-inch inner diameter, 0.037-inch outer diameter; Braintree Scientific, Braintree, MA, USA) attached to a guide cannula (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA, USA), which was bent at a near right angle, embedded in dental acrylic, and anchored with mesh (2 cm square). The jugular vein was punctured with a 22-gauge needle, and then the tubing was inserted and secured inside the vein with suture thread. The catheter portal exited through an incision on the back and sealed with a plastic cap and metal cover. Catheters were flushed daily with heparinized saline (10 U/ml of heparin sodium; American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumburg, IL, USA) in 0.9% bacteriostatic sodium chloride (Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA) that contained 20 mg/0.2 ml of the antibiotic Cefazolin (Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA). After recovery from surgery, rats were tested in several behavioral assays, per the experimental timeline (Figure 1). All behavioral testing was conducted during the dark phase.
6
Standard Care for Canine Parvovirus
7
Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's
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The DBS surgeries were performed as described in previous studies. [11] [12] [13] For all patients with Parkinson disease in our study, we selected the subthalamic nucleus as the target nucleus. We placed the IPG in an ipsilateral subcutaneous, subclavicular pouch. Before making the skin incision, we administered the antibiotics (cefazolin; Pfizer, Inc.) for all patients. Once infection was diagnosed, we removed the IPG and extensions at the infection site. The patients with infection were treated with antibiotics for at least 6-8 weeks by intravenous injection based on intraoperative cultures as well as antimicrobial sensitivity tests. The IPG and extensions were reimplanted after resolution of the infections.
8
Postoperative Inpatient Management Protocol
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Patients were treated as inpatients at University Hospital Würzburg. They received a single shot of cefazolin 2 g (Hikma, London, UK) and metronidazole 500 mg (B. Braun Supply Solutions, Melsungen, Germany), or ampicillin/sulbactam 3 g (Unacid®, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany), or clindamycin 600 mg (Sobelin® Solubile, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany) intraoperatively, as well as up to 48 h following surgery (cefazolin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and clindamycin administered three times daily, and metronidazole once daily in case of administration in the postoperative course).
The CBCT scan was performed according to a standardized protocol a few days after the operation during the hospital stay depending on the degree of swelling, with the final splint and intermaxillary fixation with elastic bands inserted.
Patients maintained a soft diet for six weeks. The elastic bands remained in place for two to three weeks. We recommended each patient to have the metal plates removed after six to nine months.
The CBCT scan was performed according to a standardized protocol a few days after the operation during the hospital stay depending on the degree of swelling, with the final splint and intermaxillary fixation with elastic bands inserted.
Patients maintained a soft diet for six weeks. The elastic bands remained in place for two to three weeks. We recommended each patient to have the metal plates removed after six to nine months.
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