Pargyline hydrochloride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Pargyline hydrochloride is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) with a core function of inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase enzymes. This inhibition can be utilized in various experimental applications, but a detailed description of its intended use is not provided to maintain an unbiased and factual approach.

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Pargyline (58 citations) Hydrochlorides (2 citations)

17 protocols using pargyline hydrochloride

Neurochemical Reagent Procurement

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Acetylcholine chloride, nisoxetine hydrochloride, norepinephrine hydrochloride, pargyline hydrochloride, phenol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and tyramine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Restini C.B., Ismail A., Kumar R.K., Burnett R., Garver H., Fink G.D, & Watts S.W. (2018). Renal perivascular adipose tissue: form and function. Vascular pharmacology, 106, 37-45.

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Parkinson's Disease Drug Evaluation

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All the drugs used were of analytical grade. 6-OHDA hydrobromide and pargyline hydrochloride was a product from Sigma Aldrich. L-DOPA and Benserazide were obtained from TCI, America while Apomorphine, Desipramine hydrochloride and Cholecalciferol (VD₃) were products of US Pharmacopeia.

Bayo-Olugbami A., Nafiu A.B., Amin A., Ogundele O.M., Lee C.C, & Owoyele B.V. (2020). Vitamin D attenuated 6-OHDA-induced behavioral deficits, dopamine dysmetabolism, oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in mice.. Nutritional neuroscience, 25(4), 823-834.

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Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesion of Medial Forebrain Bundle

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Surgeries were performed as previously described (Thiele et al., 2011 (link), 2012 (link)). In brief, 30 min prior to surgery, a mixture of desipramine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg, Sigma Aldrich) and pargyline hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, Sigma Aldrich) in 0.9% sterile saline (pH 7.4) was systemically administered intra-peritoneally (i.p.). Mice (P35, 24–28 g) were anaesthetised (isoflurane (Abbott), 2–3%) and placed in a stereotaxic frame (David Kopf Instruments, USA). 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (15 µg/µl, 0.02% ascorbic acid, w/v in 0.9% saline) or vehicle was unilaterally injected into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) at a rate of 0.1 µl/min (total delivery of 3 µg total, as a 0.2 µl bolus) at the following coordinates: AP: −1.2 mm, ML: −1.1 mm, and DV: −5.0 mm (Franklin, 2007 ). This protocol results in a N95% dopamine depletion of the SNc (Thiele et al., 2011 (link), 2012 (link)).

Thiele S.L., Chen B., Lo C., Gertler T.S., Warre R., Surmeier J.D., Brotchie J.M, & Nash J.E. (2014). Selective loss of bi-directional synaptic plasticity in the direct and indirect striatal output pathways accompanies generation of parkinsonism and l-DOPA induced dyskinesia in mouse models. Neurobiology of disease, 71, 334-344.

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Harmine, INDY, and Pargyline Effects

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Harmine (286044), INDY (SML1011), and pargyline hydrochloride (P8013) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and diluted in DMSO. Subsequent dilutions were made in aqueous solution. Click-it EdU kit and BOBO™-3 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All controls received an amount of vehicle equivalent to drug treatment conditions and no significant difference was observed between controls with (DMSO) or without vehicle.

Dakic V., Maciel R.D., Drummond H., Nascimento J.M., Trindade P, & Rehen S.K. (2016). Harmine stimulates proliferation of human neural progenitors. PeerJ, 4, e2727.

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Neurotoxin-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model

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The following drugs and chemicals were purchased from the chemicals supplier Sigma (now Millipore-Sigma) (St. Louis, MO, USA): L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-dopa) (Sigma cat. # D1507 [For L-dopa IP injection, benserazide hydrochloride (Sigma cat. # B7283) is always injected concurrently to block peripheral dopa decarboxylase], 6-hydroxy dopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA) (Sigma cat. # H4381), dopamine hydrochloride (Sigma cat. # H8502), desipramine hydrochloride (Sigma cat. # D3900), and pargyline hydrochloride (Sigma cat. # P8013). Routine chemicals such sodium chloride (NaCl) for making 0.9% NaCl physiological saline were also purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Buprenorphine, ketamine and xylazine were purchased from the animal healthcare supplier HenrySchien.com.

Zhong M., Wang Y., Lin G., Liao F.F, & Zhou F.M. (2023). Dopamine-independent development and maintenance of mouse striatal medium spiny neuron dendritic spines. Neurobiology of disease, 181, 106096.

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Serotonin pathway modulators protocol

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Serotonin hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, pargyline hydrochloride, actinomycin D, CH-223191, 3-methylindole, tryptamine hydrochloride, and 3′,4′-dimethoxyflavone were obtained from Sigma. Asenapine maleate, tropisetron hydrochloride, and 6-formylindolo[3,2b]carbazole were obtained from Tocris. 7-ethoxyresorufin was obtained from Santa-Cruz.

Manzella C., Singhal M., Alrefai W.A., Saksena S., Dudeja P.K, & Gill R.K. (2018). Serotonin is an endogenous regulator of intestinal CYP1A1 via AhR. Scientific Reports, 8, 6103.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds

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Harmane (CAS No. 486–84–0), norHarmane (CAS No. 244–63–3), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ; CAS No. 91–21–4), clorgyline hydrochloride (CAS No. 17780–75–5), and pargyline hydrochloride (CAS No. 306–07–0) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (St. Louis, MO, United States of America). 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (TMN; CAS No. 20490–42–0) was purchased from Enamine Ltd. (Kyiv, Ukraine). Buspirone hydrochloride (CAS No. 33386–08–2) was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bio-Techne®, Minneapolis, MN, United States). The chemical structures of compounds are shown in Figure 1A.

Jaka O., Iturria I., van der Toorn M., Hurtado de Mendoza J., Latino D.A., Alzualde A., Peitsch M.C., Hoeng J, & Koshibu K. (2021). Effects of Natural Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Zebrafish. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 669370.

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MAO Assay with Recombinant Enzymes

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The MAO-Glo assay system (cat. no. V1402) was purchased from Promega (Dübendorf, Switzerland). The human MAOs used in this study were derived from insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus containing complementary DNA (cDNA) inserts for human MAO-A and MAO-B (Sigma–Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Buchs, Switzerland cat. no. M7316 and M7441, respectively). M30 dihydrochloride and pargyline hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.

van der Toorn M., Koshibu K., Schlage W.K., Majeed S., Pospisil P., Hoeng J, & Peitsch M.C. (2019). Comparison of monoamine oxidase inhibition by cigarettes and modified risk tobacco products. Toxicology Reports, 6, 1206-1215.

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Electrochemical Sensor for Neurotransmitters

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Dopamine hydrochloride, serotonin hydrochloride, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, ascorbic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, uric acid, norepinephrine hydrochloride, hydrogen peroxide, adenosine, histamine hydrochloride, pargyline hydrochloride, desipramine hydrochloride, and GBR 12909 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Liquion (LQ-1105, 5% by weight Nafion) was purchased from Ion Power Solutions (New Castle, DE). Buffer solution was composed of 15 mM Tris, 126 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 2.0 mM NaH₂PO₄, 1.2 mM Na₂SO₄, 1.2 mM CaCl₂, and 2.0 mM MgCl₂ (all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO)).

Abdalla A., Atcherley C.W., Pathirathna P., Samaranayake S., Qiang B., Peña E., Morgan S.L., Heien M.L, & Hashemi P. (2017). In Vivo Ambient Serotonin Measurements at Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes. Analytical chemistry, 89(18), 9703-9711.

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Dopamine Transporter Binding Assay

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D-Glucose was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co, Inc. (Milwaukee, WI). [³H]DA (3,4-ethyl-2[N-³H] dihydroxyphenylethylamine; specific activity, 31 Ci/mmol), and [³H]WIN 35,428 (−)-3β-(4-flurophentl)-tropan-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester tartrate; specific activity, 85 Ci/mmol) were purchased from PerkinElmer Life Sciences (Boston, MA). L-Ascorbic acid, bovine serum albumin, pyrocatechol, α-D-Glucose, HEPES, nomifensine maleate, desipramine hydrochloride, paroxetine hydrochlorine, pargyline hydrochloride, and sucrose were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All other chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).

Bertrand S.J., Mactutus C.F., Harrod S.B., Moran L.M, & Booze R.M. (2018). HIV-1 proteins dysregulate motivational processes and dopamine circuitry. Scientific Reports, 8, 7869.

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