Potassium bicarbonate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Potassium bicarbonate is a chemical compound with the formula KHCO3. It is a white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. The core function of potassium bicarbonate is to serve as a buffer, maintaining a specific pH level in various laboratory experiments and processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ammonium chloride, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Chloroform, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Potassium hydroxide, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Dichloromethane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Deuterium oxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Catechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Potassium carbonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) (2 citations)

37 protocols using potassium bicarbonate

Pyrene-based Polymer Synthesis

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Materials: 1-Acetylpyrene (Frinton labs, Hainesport, NJ, USA), morpholine (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA, +99%), sulfur, (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, reagent grade, purified by refining), p-toluene sulfonic acid, (Acros but distributed by Fisher Scientific: Pittsburgh, PA, USA; monohydrate), 20–25% aminopropylmethylsiloxane—dimethylsiloxane co-polymer (Gelest, Morrisville, PA, USA, AMS-1203; M_w: 20,000), acetic anhydride (Sigma, ≥99%), potassium bicarbonate (Sigma, 99%), 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (Fisher, Hampton, NH, USA, 97%, CDI) were used as received. N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) were purchased from Aldrich. Dichloromethane (Fisher, 99%) and dimethylsulfoxide (Fisher, 99%; DMSO) were dried over 4 Å molecular sieves for 3 days before use. Tetrahydrofuran (THF, Caledon, ON, Canada, distilled in glass), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma, ≥99.8), and dioxane (Sigma, ≥99.5%) were used for the fluorescence measurements.

Thoma J.L., Duhamel J., Bertocchi M.J, & Weiss R.G. (2018). Long Range Polymer Chain Dynamics of Highly Flexible Polysiloxane in Solution Probed by Pyrene Excimer Fluorescence. Polymers, 10(4), 345.

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Calanus Oil Extraction and Composition

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The oil produced from C. finmarchicus (Calanus oil) was provided by the company Zooca^® formerly named Calanus^® AS (Tromsø, Norway). Heptane (99,8%), isopropanol (100%), diethyl ether (≥99,8%) and ethanol (96%) were purchased from VWR, Darmstadt, Germany. Acetic acid (99,8%) and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Honeywell, Seelze, Germany. Chloroform (99,0–99,4%), phosphoric acid 99,99%, potassium bicarbonate ≥99,95%, sodium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate ≥98,0%, sulphuric acid and toluene were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany. N-Hexane was obtained from Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany.

Schots P.C., Edvinsen G.K, & Olsen R.L. (2023). A simple method to isolate fatty acids and fatty alcohols from wax esters in a wax-ester rich marine oil. PLOS ONE, 18(5), e0285751.

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Electrochemical Characterization of Organic Compounds

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All reagents and solvents were
of commercial reagent grade and were used without further purification,
except where noted. Reagents not listed were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
4-(2-Aminomethyl) pyridine (98%), 4-methylpyridine (99%), 4-propylpyridine,
4-aminopyridine (98%), potassium ferrocyanide(III) (99%), sodium nitrite
(97%), silver nitrite (99%), deuterium oxide (D₂O), (>99.8%
D), and potassium bicarbonate (99.7%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
Company. All aqueous solutions were prepared using Millipore water
(18.2 MΩ cm). The glassy carbon surface was polished with 1,
0.3, and 0.05 μm alumina slurries. The electrodes were then
ultrasonicated in acetone, ethanol, and water.

Abdinejad M., Irtem E., Farzi A., Sassenburg M., Subramanian S., Iglesias van Montfort H.P., Ripepi D., Li M., Middelkoop J., Seifitokaldani A, & Burdyny T. (2022). CO2 Electrolysis via Surface-Engineering Electrografted Pyridines on Silver Catalysts. ACS Catalysis, 12(13), 7862-7876.

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Preparation of Inorganic Salt Solutions

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Potassium chloride (KCl, 99.0–100.5%), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O, 99.995%) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO₃, 99.9%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received.

Arán-Ais R.M., Rizo R., Grosse P., Algara-Siller G., Dembélé K., Plodinec M., Lunkenbein T., Chee S.W, & Cuenya B.R. (2020). Imaging electrochemically synthesized Cu2O cubes and their morphological evolution under conditions relevant to CO2 electroreduction. Nature Communications, 11, 3489.

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Isolating Single Blood Cells

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To obtain single-blood-cell suspensions, blood was collected in a tube containing 500 µL of PBS (Gibco) containing 100 mM of EDTA (Merck Millipore) and red blood cells were lysed by adding distilled water containing 150 mM of ammonium chlorure (VWR) and 10 mM of potassium bicarbonate (Sigma). Cells were then centrifuged, resuspended in FACS buffer and stained as described for lung cells in the respective section above.

Schyns J., Bai Q., Ruscitti C., Radermecker C., De Schepper S., Chakarov S., Farnir F., Pirottin D., Ginhoux F., Boeckxstaens G., Bureau F, & Marichal T. (2019). Non-classical tissue monocytes and two functionally distinct populations of interstitial macrophages populate the mouse lung. Nature Communications, 10, 3964.

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Frying Characteristics of Seafood

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Fresh Hoki fish (Blue grenadier), squids (Loligo squid) and prawns (Tiger) were purchased from the local seafood shop in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. They were cleaned, eviscerated and washed with distilled water before use. The frying medium (sunflower oil), with no added antioxidants, was purchased from a local supermarket. The main fatty acids present in the sunflower oil (SFO) were determined using GC to be palmitic acid (C16:0) 6.2%, stearic acid (C18:0) 3.5%, oleic acid (C18:1) 21.7% and linoleic acid (C18:2) 66.5%. Ascorbyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, gas chromatography standards and other chemicals, including toluene, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), acetyl chloride, methanol, chloroform, sodium chloride, potassium bicarbonate, p-Anisidine, 2-Thiobarbituric acid and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia). Hydroxytyrosol was a gift from Professor Colin Barrow, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.

Theah A.Y, & Akanbi T.O. (2023). The Inhibitory Effects of Hydroxytyrosol, α-Tocopherol and Ascorbyl Palmitate on Lipid Peroxidation in Deep-Fat Fried Seafood. Antioxidants, 12(4), 929.

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Synthesis of Copper Phosphide Nanoparticles

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Synthetic manipulations to prepare Cu₃P NPs were conducted in a N₂ atmosphere using standard
Schlenk techniques or in a N₂-filled Vacuum Atmospheres
glovebox. Oleylamine (OAm, 70% technical grade) and 1-octadecene (ODE,
90%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dried prior to use by heating
to 120 and 150 °C, respectively, under vacuum for 5 h and stored
in a N₂-filled glovebox. Triphenylphosphine (PPh₃, 99%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and [Cu(H)(PPh₃)]₆ (96%) was purchased from Acros Organics and stored
in a N₂-filled glovebox. Water used for electrochemistry
experiments was purified by a Milli-Q Water Purification System with
a specific resistance of 18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C. Standards
for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments were
purchased from AccuStandards. Deuterium oxide (D 99.9%) containing
0.05 wt % 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d₄ acid (Na salt), carbon tetrachloride (99.99% ACS reagent),
tetrachloroethylene, potassium bicarbonate (99.95%), sodium chloride
(99.999%), and Chelex 100 (Na form) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass was purchased from Techinstro.

Downes C.A., Libretto N.J., Harman-Ware A.E., Happs R.M., Ruddy D.A., Baddour F.G., Ferrell III J.R., Habas S.E, & Schaidle J.A. (2020). Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction over Cu3P Nanoparticles Generated via a Molecular Precursor Route. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 3(11), 10435-10446.

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Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal-Organic Compounds

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Copper sulfates (CuSO₄, 99%), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99%), ammonium sulfate(99%, ethylenediamine(NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂, 99.5%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 90%) potassium bicarbonate(KHCO₃, 99.7%), sulfuric acid(H₂SO₄, 99.99%), Iridium (III) chloride hydrate (IrCl₃·xH₂O, 99.9%), 5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol(C₂H₃N₃S₂,95%), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol(C₂H₄N₄S,99%), cysteamine(C₂H₇NS,99%) and 1-Propanethiol (C₃H₈S, 99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Nafion 117 and anion exchange membrane (Fumapem FAA-3-50), gas diffusion layer (Freudenberg, H23C6), and titanium mesh were obtained from Fuel Cell Store. All chemicals were used as received. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹.

Wu H., Li J., Qi K., Zhang Y., Petit E., Wang W., Flaud V., Onofrio N., Rebiere B., Huang L., Salameh C., Lajaunie L., Miele P, & Voiry D. (2021). Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping. Nature Communications, 12, 7210.

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Isolation of Human Neutrophils

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Whole blood samples were drawn from cubital veins from healthy donors and anticoagulated with 1 ml acid–citrate-dextrose (Sigma-Aldrich) per 5 ml whole blood according to approved Institutional Review Board (University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL) protocol. Samples were suspended in a three-fold volume of ice-cold lysis medium containing 155 mM of ammonium chloride and 10 mM of potassium bicarbonate (both from Sigma-Aldrich) and kept on ice for 10 min. After brief centrifugation at 1,500 rpm and 4°C (Eppendorf Centrifuge 5804 R; Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany), the supernatant was discarded and the cell pellet was resuspended in 2 ml of ice-cold lysis medium supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albumin. The suspension was then kept on ice 15 min followed by another centrifugation at 1,500 rpm and 4°C. Again, the supernatant was discarded. The pellet was resuspended in 2 ml of ice-cold Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline (Gibco Invitrogen) and layered on 2 ml of Ficoll Histopaque 1077 (Sigma-Aldrich). After 30 min of centrifugation at 1,500 rpm and 4°C with low brake, the supernatant was discarded and the pellet consisting of neutrophils was resuspended in Hank balanced salt solution (Gibco Invitrogen). Viability was 95% or more as assessed with Trypan blue staining (Sigma-Aldrich).

Piegeler T., Votta-Velis E.G., Bakhshi F.R., Mao M., Carnegie G., Bonini M.G., Schwartz D.E., Borgeat A., Beck-Schimmer B, & Minshall R.D. (2014). Endothelial Barrier Protection by Local Anesthetics: Ropivacaine and Lidocaine Block Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–induced Endothelial Cell Src Activation. Anesthesiology, 120(6), 1414-1428.

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Analysis of Polyphenol Standards

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Microfiltered and ultrapure water was used for the preparation of the solutions via the Merck Millipore ZRQS0P3FR Direct system. All solvents and reagents used in the experiments were of a high degree of purity. Ethanol ≥99.9% ACS for analysis, methanol for HPLC, anhydrous 95% n-hexane, chloroform for chromatography, 1-butanol ACS reagent ≥99.5%, hydrochloric acid 37% RPE for analysis, potassium bicarbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate for analysis, gallic acid ACS for analysis and Sudan IV reagent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (Milan, Italy). Folin-Ciocălteu reagent and hypergrade acetonitrile for LC-MS were purchased from Merck Millipore GmbH (Milan, Italy). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (from Thermo Fisher Scientific companies in Rodano, Milan, Italy). Polyphenol standards (malvidin-3-O-glucoside, naringin, catechin, quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid), amino acid standard mixture, methanol, acetic acid, gallic acid, were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); 2-propanol and acetonitrile (ACN) from Honeywell (Charlotte, USA), formic acid by J.T. Baker (Rodano, Italy).

Tartaglia M., Scarano P., Prigioniero A., Zuzolo D., Postiglione A., Falzarano A., Amoresano A., Illiano A., Pinto G., Schicchi R., Geraci A., Sciarrillo R, & Guarino C. (2023). Multi-omic characterisation as a tool to improve knowledge, valorisation and conservation of wild fruit genetic resources: the case of Arbutus unedo L. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1195673.

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