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Phenformin hydrochloride

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Phenformin hydrochloride is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The primary function of phenformin hydrochloride is as a research tool for scientific investigations, particularly in the areas of biochemistry and pharmacology.

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Lab products found in correlation

Metformin hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Triethylamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Tamoxifen, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Silac dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Phospho acc ser79, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Dialyzed fbs, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ampkα1 2, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Ampkα2, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Phospho raptor ser792, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Flag m2 agarose resin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Flag m2 monoclonal, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pierce high ph reverse phase peptide fractionation kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) β actin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dorsomorphin, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Recombinant il 1β, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 5z 7 oxozeanol, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Recombinant tnf α, by Promega (1 mentions) Compound a, by Bayer (1 mentions) U 13c glucose, by Cambridge Isotopes (1 mentions) U 13c pyruvate, by Cambridge Isotopes (1 mentions)

15 protocols using phenformin hydrochloride

1

Tamoxifen and Phenformin Treatment for T-ALL

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Mice were dosed with tamoxifen (Sigma T5648) dissolved in corn oil at a dosage of 75 mg/kg body weight for 4 consecutive days starting 4 days after T-ALL transplantation for survival curve experiments or 10 days after T-ALL transplantation for acute deletion experiments. Mice were dosed with phenformin hydrochloride (Sigma P7045) dissolved in PBS at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight.
Kishton R.J., Barnes C.E., Nichols A.G., Cohen S., Gerriets V.A., Siska P.J., Macintyre A.N., Goraksha-Hicks P., de Cubas A.A., Liu T., Warmoes M.O., Abel E.D., Yeoh A.E., Gershon T.R., Rathmell W.K., Richards K.L., Locasale J.W, & Rathmell J.C. (2016). AMPK is essential to balance glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism to control T-ALL cell stress and survival. Cell metabolism, 23(4), 649-662.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of AMPK Signaling

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Cell Signaling Antibodies used at 1:1000 in 5% BSA in TBS-T: phospho-AMPKα1/2 Thr172 (#2535), AMPK α1/2 (#2532), AMPKα2 (#2757), phospho-ACC Ser79 (#3661), ACC (#3662), phospho-Raptor Ser792 (#2083), Raptor (#2280). Mouse monoclonal hAMPKα2 (#MAB2850) was purchased from R&D Systems. Flag M2 agarose resin (A2220), β-actin (A5441), and Flag M2 monoclonal (F1804) were purchased from Sigma. Phenformin hydrochloride was obtained from Sigma (P7045) and dissolved in SILAC DMEM (Thermo scientific) with 10% Dialyzed FBS (GIBCO-Life Technologies). Pierce High pH Reverse-Phase Peptide Fractionation Kit was purchased from Thermo Scientific. Acclaim PepMap 75 μm x 2 cm C18 trap columns (#164535) and Acclaim PepMap RSLC 75 μm x 50 cm analytical columns (#164942) were also purchased from Thermo Scientific
Stein B.D., Herzig S., Martínez-Bartolomé S., Lavallée-Adam M., Shaw R.J, & Yates JR I.I.I. (2019). Comparison of CRISPR Genomic Tagging For Affinity-Purification and Endogenous Immunoprecipitation coupled with Quantitative MS to Identify the Dynamic AMPKα2 Interactome. Journal of proteome research, 18(10), 3703-3714.
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3

Comprehensive Cellular Signaling Assay

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All antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, Massachusetts). Compound A (Bay65–1942) and Compound B (both provided by Bayer) were dissolved in DMSO. The TAK1 inhibitor 5z-7-oxozeanol and the AMPK inhibitor Dorsomorphin were purchased from Tocris Biosciences and NG-25 was purchased from MedChem Express (Monmouth Junction, NJ). Phenformin Hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Recombinant IL-1β was purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ) and recombinant TNF-α was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). The NBD peptide was synthesized by American Peptide.
Antonia R.J, & Baldwin A.S. (2018). IKK Promotes Cytokine-Induced and Cancer-Associated AMPK Activity and Attenuates Phenformin-Induced Cell Death in LKB1-Deficient Cells. Science signaling, 11(538), eaan5850.
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4

AMPK Activator 991 and Phenformin Preparation

Cited 1 time
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AMPK activator 991 [24 (link)] is a cyclic benzimidazole derivative. A 100 mM stock solution was prepared in DMSO.
Phenformin hydrochloride (Sigma P7045, St. Louis, MO, USA), a 20 mM stock solution is prepared by dissolving directly into the medium used in imaging experiments.
Chennell G., Willows R.J., Warren S.C., Carling D., French P.M., Dunsby C, & Sardini A. (2016). Imaging of Metabolic Status in 3D Cultures with an Improved AMPK FRET Biosensor for FLIM. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 16(8), 1312.
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5

Comprehensive Cell Culture Conditions for Metabolic Tracing

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Cell lines were maintained in RPMI (Fisher Scientific, MT10040CV) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. For all experiments, cells were washed three times in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then cultured in 4mL of RPMI with 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum, and supplemented with lactate, pyruvate, acetate as indicated. The reagents used for the cell culture experiments are as follows: sodium pyruvate (Sigma, P2256), sodium L-lactate (Sigma, L7022), sodium acetate (Sigma, S2889), Lipid Mixture 1, Chemically Defined (Sigma, L0288), rotenone (Sigma, R8875), phenformin hydrochloride (Sigma, P7045 FLUKA), antimycin A from streptomyces sp. (A8676), GSK2194069 (Tocris, 5303), U-13C-Glucose (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, CLM-1396), U-13C-Glutamine (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, CLM-1822), U-13C-Pyruvate (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, CLM-2440), U-13C-Lactate (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, CLM-1579), 99% enriched deuterium oxide (Sigma, 151882). All cells were cultured at 37°C with 5% CO2. When indicated, +lipid culture conditions refer to RPMI supplemented with 10% delipidated serum and 1% Lipid Mixture 1.
Li Z., Ji B.W., Dixit P.D., Tchourine K., Lien E.C., Hosios A.M., Abbott K.L., Rutter J.C., Westermark A.M., Gorodetsky E.F., Sullivan L.B., Vander Heiden M.G, & Vitkup D. (2022). Cancer cells depend on environmental lipids for proliferation when electron acceptors are limited. Nature metabolism, 4(6), 711-723.
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6

KRAS Genetic Manipulation and Inhibitor Screening

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Anti-ALDH1L1 (Cat. Ab56777 and Ab175198, 1:1000) and cytokerain 19 (Cat. Ab52625) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-β-actin (Cat. Sc-47778, 1:1000) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Anti-KRAS (Cat. H00003845-M01, 1:1000) was purchased from Abnova (Taipei, Taiwan). Control siRNA (sc-37007) and KRAS siRNA (Cat. Sc-35731) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Hs.KRAS4B (Cat. 83129) and Hs.KRAS4B G12D (Cat. 83131) were purchased from Addgene (Watertown, MA, USA). Transfection was performed with jetPEI and INTERFERin (Polyplus, New York, NY, USA). Gossypol acetic acid (Cat. G4382) and phenformin hydrochloride (Cat. P7045) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Lee S.H., Jeon Y., Kang J.H., Jang H., Lee H, & Kim S.Y. (2020). The Combination of Loss of ALDH1L1 Function and Phenformin Treatment Decreases Tumor Growth in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer. Cancers, 12(6), 1382.
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7

Phenformin and IGF1 signaling pathways

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Phenformin hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). IGF1 was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Antibodies against AMPK, p-AMPKα (T172), ErbB2, p-ErbB2 (Y877), AKT, p-AKT (S473), mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204), IGF1R, p-IGF1Rβ (T1135/1136), IRβ, IRS1, p-IRS1 (Ser307), E-cadherin, vimentin, Slug, and Snail were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Antibodies against ERK2 and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Twist1 antibody was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
Guo Z., Zhao M., Howard E.W., Zhao Q., Parris A.B., Ma Z, & Yang X. (2017). Phenformin inhibits growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells through targeting the IGF1R pathway. Oncotarget, 8(36), 60342-60357.
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8

Pharmaceutical Standards for Metformin and Phenformin

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The pharmaceutical standards (reference samples, European Pharmacopoeia) of investigated metformin and phenformin hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Dołowy M., Jampilek J, & Bober-Majnusz K. (2021). A Comparative Study of the Lipophilicity of Metformin and Phenformin. Molecules, 26(21), 6613.
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9

AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Purification and Assay

Cited 2 times
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LKBtide, Cat# 12-540, donepezil hydrochloride, ≥98%, Cat# D6281; phenformin hydrochloride, Cat# P7045; and berberine chloride, Cat# B3251, were from Sigma-Aldrich; p-nitrophenyl phosphate was from New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA, Cat# PO757S. BAY-3827 and BAY974 were from the Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, ON, Canada, (donated chemical probes); MK-8722 was synthesized in-house, as in [50 ]. SBI-0206965 was from Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA, Cat# S7885. Acetonitrile (LC:MS grade), Cat# A19862.AP and formic acid (LC:MS grade), Cat# 270480250) were from ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. AMPK was purified from rat liver, as in [8 (link)]. Human (His)6-tagged AMPK (α1β2γ1, bacterially expressed, generated as in [51 (link)], was a gift from Dr Mark Peggie, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; human (His)6-tagged AMPK (α2β2γ1, bacterially expressed) generated as in [51 (link)] was a gift from AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; human GST-tagged α2 kinase domain (1–310) was produced as described [44 (link)]; and human LKB1:STRAD-α:MO25-α complex [52 (link)], GST-tagged CaMKK2 [53 (link)], and PP2Cα (PPM1A) [54 (link)] were produced as described.
Hawley S.A., Russell F.M., Ross F.A, & Hardie D.G. (2023). BAY-3827 and SBI-0206965: Potent AMPK Inhibitors That Paradoxically Increase Thr172 Phosphorylation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(1), 453.
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10

Molecular Mechanisms of Cystathionine Metabolism

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Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), STE-20 related adapter protein α (STRAD), mouse protein 25 (MO25), phosphorylated LKB1 (p-LKB1), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), Galectin-3, Periostin, phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (p-4E-BP1, Ser 65); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked anti-rabbit IgG antibody and siRNAs were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Anti-Atg3, anti-Atg5, anti-Atg7, anti-mTOR, and anti-GAPDH antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA). Anti-LC3A/B antibody was from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). NaHS and other analytical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). Phenformin hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO)
Kundu S., Pushpakumar S., Khundmiri S.J, & Sen U. (2014). Hydrogen sulfide mitigates hyperglycemic remodeling via liver kinase B1-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1843(12), 2816-2826.
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