TACE was performed using techniques previously described [15 (link), 16 (link)]. Visceral angiography was performed to assess the arterial blood supply of the liver after introduction of a selective catheter. The same three chemotherapeutic agents with the same dosage were used consistently in this study, regardless of tumor number and size. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy was performed using 300 mg carboplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA). Subsequently, chemolipiodolization was performed using 50 mg epirubicin (Pharmorubicin; Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA) mixed with 5 ml of lipiodol (Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide; André Guerbet Laboratories, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France). If residual flow remained after infusion of these agents, additional lipiodol was injected. In large tumors for which we could not achieve stasis in a tumor-feeding artery with the maximum amount of iodized oil (20 ml), embolization was performed with absorbable gelatin sponge particles (Gelfoam; Hangzhou Bi-Trumed Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China) 350–560 μm in diameter. The injection was slowed or discontinued if reflux occurred. Patients were observed carefully after treatment, and analgesia was administered when necessary.
Pharmorubicin
Manufactured by Pfizer
Sourced in China, United States, France
Pharmorubicin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Pfizer. It is used for research and development purposes in the pharmaceutical industry.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Carboplatin, by Bristol-Myers Squibb (6 mentions)
Lipiodol, by Guerbet (5 mentions)
Epirubicin, by Pfizer (4 mentions)
Lipiodol ultra fluide, by Guerbet (4 mentions)
5 f rh catheter, by Terumo (3 mentions)
Lipiodol, by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine (3 mentions)
Renegade hi flo straight, by Boston Scientific (2 mentions)
Progreat, by Terumo (2 mentions)
5 f rh catheter, by Cook Medical (2 mentions)
Renegade, by Boston Scientific (2 mentions)
2.7 fr microcatheter, by Terumo (1 mentions)
0.035 inch hydrophilic guidewire, by Terumo (1 mentions)
Microcatheter, by Terumo (1 mentions)
Lipiodol, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Gelfoam, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Eloxatin, by Sanofi (1 mentions)
Callispheres beads, by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine (1 mentions)
2.7 f microcatheter, by Terumo (1 mentions)
29 protocols using pharmorubicin
1
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Tumors
2
Hepatic Artery Embolization with Iodized Oil
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A 5F catheter was introduced through the femoral artery, to assess liver vascular anatomy and to confirm the patency of the portal vein by visceral angiography. Then, a selected micro-catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) was then super-selectively inserted into the hepatic lobe or hepatic segmental artery branch. A 1:1 mixed suspension of iodized oil (1–10 mL; Andre´ Guerbet Laboratories,) and epirubicin (20–40 mg; Pharmorubicin; Pfizer, Wuxi, China) were infused into the artery through the catheter, depending on the size and number of the tumor. Finally, the embolization was performed using a gelatin sponge until the blood supply of the tumor significantly decreased.
3
Chemovirotherapy for Liver Cancer
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Each patient in this study received three cycles of uniform treatment protocols. The Seldinger technique was performed as previously reported.30 (link) Carboplatin at a dose of 300 mg (Bristol-Myers Squibb, NY, New York, USA) was used for hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. Subsequently, 50 mg epirubicin (Pharmorubicin, Pfizer, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China) and 6 mg mitomycin (Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, China) mixed with Lipiodol (Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide; Andre Guerbet Laboratories, France) were used for chemolipiodolization. The Lipiodol dose was determined based on tumor location, size, and number and ranged from 5 to 30 mL. Sterile-purified H101 viruses were produced for human clinical use by Shanghai Sunway Biotech (Shanghai, China) and safety tested by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). Before the infusion chemotherapy, H101 was injected via catheter into the hepatic artery supplying the tumor(s). A total of 1.0 × 1012 virus particles in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution were administered.31 (link)
4
Transarterial Chemoembolization Protocol
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TACE procedures were performed by two of three experienced interventional radiologists (W.F., Y.W., and J.L.). Hepatic angiography was performed by placing a 5-F catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) or a 2.7-F microcatheter (Renegade Hi-Flo Straight, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA; Progreat, Terumo) as superselectively as possible into tumor-feeding arteries. An emulsion of 5-20 mL Lipiodol (Lipiodol, Guerbet, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France) or drug-loaded microspheres (DC-Bead [DCB], SciClone, Shanghai, China) and 20-80 mg of epirubicin (Pharmorubicin, Pfizer, New York, NY) were administered into feeder vessels. Then, 350-560-mm absorbable gelatin sponge particles (Gelfoam, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China) were administered into tumor-feeding vessels. Particle size of DCB microspheres were selected according to angiogr-aphic blood flow velocity. After embolization, angiography of the feeding artery was performed to determine the extent of vascular occlusion. If reflux occurred, the use of Lipiodol, DCB microspheres, or absorbable gelatin sponge particles will be discontinued.
5
Transarterial Chemoembolization Techniques
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TACE was performed according to two different techniques: classical Lipiodol (Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide; André Guerbet Laboratories) or drug-eluting beads (DC Bead; Biocompatibles UK Ltd). For both procedures, portal vein patency and a good blood supply to the liver were confirmed. Under the first method, a mixture of doxorubicin (50 mg; Pharmorubicin; Pfizer) and Lipiodol (5–20 ml) was prepared for TACE. Absorbable Embosphere microspheres (300–500 mm) were used for embolisation. Drug-eluting beads are non-resorbable embolic microspheres that can be loaded with cytotoxic agents. The entire liver tumour burden was treated with TACE during both types of procedure.
In the TACE-only arm, at least two TACE procedures were planned, the second TACE being scheduled at Week 8. A third TACE at Week 16 was indicated depending on the response to the previous TACE.
In the TACE-only arm, at least two TACE procedures were planned, the second TACE being scheduled at Week 8. A third TACE at Week 16 was indicated depending on the response to the previous TACE.
6
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Tumor
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TACE treatment was performed following the techniques and process (13 (link)). Visceral angiography was performed to assess the arterial blood supply of the liver tumor after a selective catheter was introduced. The regimen with same chemotherapeutic agents and same dosage were used consistently in this study, regardless of tumor number and size. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy was performed by using carboplatin 300 mg (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA), followed by epirubicin 50 mg (Pharmorubicin, Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and mitomycin C 8 mg (Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, China) mixed with 5 mL of lipiodol (Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide; Andre’ Guerbet Laboratories, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France) for chemolipiodolization. Pure lipiodol was injected if the chemolipiodolized artery territory did not show stagnant flow. In some cases in which we could not achieve stasis in a tumor-feeding artery with the maximum amount of iodized oil (30 mL) because of large tumor, embolization was performed with absorbable gelatin sponge particles (Gelfoam; Hanzhou alc Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China) 1–2 mm in diameter. The injection could be slowed or discontinued if retrograde flow occurred. Patients were observed carefully after treatment, and analgesia was given if necessary.
7
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Procedure
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TACE was performed using previously described techniques [33 (link), 34 (link)]. Before the TACE procedure, a selective 5-F catheter was introduced, and visceral angiography was performed to assess portal vein patency, vascular anatomy, and tumor vascularity. Depending on the arterial supply of the tumor identified by arteriography, a 2.7 Fr microcatheter (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was superselectively placed into the feeding arteries of the tumor and the tumor thrombus for selective embolization, which was performed using an embolization suspension consisting of 6 mg mitomycin C (Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical, Taizhou, China), 50 mg lobaplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY), and 50 mg epirubicin (Pharmorubicin; Pfizer, Wuxi, China) mixed with Lipiodol (Lipiodol; Guerbet, Villepinte, France). For all patients, embolization was finally performed with absorbable gelatin-sponge particles (Gelfoam; Hanzhou Alc, Hangzhou, China; 1 to 2 mm in diameter).
8
Transarterial Chemoembolization Protocol
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TACE was performed by experienced radiologists in the three hospitals using similar protocols. After intubation, the angiography of hepatic and related vessels was performed to evaluate the blood supply to the liver and the feasibility of TACE. Once the catheterization of tumor-feeding arteries was completed, chemotherapeutic agents were mixed and infused via a catheter inserted into the arteries. The infusion emulsion contained 30–50 mg of epirubicin (Pharmorubicin; Pfizer, Jiangsu, China), 30–50 mg of lobaplatin (Hainan Changan International Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hainan, China), and 5–15 mL of lipiodol (Lipiodol Ultrafluide; France). Absorbable gelatin sponge particles (Gelfoam; Hangzhou alc Ltd., Zhejiang, China) were subsequently used to embolize the arteries. Response to TACE was evaluated 1 month after the operation via contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Repeated TACE was recommended if shrinkage of lipiodol deposition, recurrence of residual lesions, or intrahepatic progression was observed on follow-up imaging, using a similar treatment protocol as the initial operation.
9
Lnc005620 Regulates Breast Cancer Growth
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The full-length lnc005620 was amplified and cloned into a lentivirus vector for retrovirus production in MDA-MB-231 cells (Lv–lnc005620). Male BALB/c nude mice (5 weeks of age) were purchased from Beijing Vitalriver Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). MDA-MB-231 cells (5 × 106) transfected with Lv–lnc005620 or Lv–NC (empty vector for negative control) were suspended in 200 μl PBS and then injected subcutaneously in the mouse flanks. When tumors were palpable, the mice were randomized into epirubicin (Pharmorubicin®, Pfizer) treatment groups or control groups. Epirubicin was dissolved in PBS and injected subcutaneously at the tumor sites (5 mg/kg) weekly. Treatment lasted for 2 weeks until the xenograft tumor was removed and the mass was calculated.
10
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Tumor Treatment
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The transarterial chemoembolization procedure was performed under conscious sedation in an interventional suite by board-certified interventional radiologists in our center. Under local anesthesia using 5% lidocaine, the puncture of the common femoral artery was performed using the Selinger technique, after which a 5F RH catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) was introduced with a combination of the 0.035-inch hydrophilic guidewire (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) to catheterize the celiac, superior mesenteric artery, and any suspected artery feeding the tumor. Digital subtraction angiography was performed to evaluate tumor location and size. The distal target artery was super selectively catheterized with a microcatheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). Then, chemoembolization was performed using an emulsion of epirubicin (20–40mg; Pharmorubicin; Pfizer, Wuxi, China) in the iodized oil (1–10ml; Lipiodol Ultra-Fluide; Hengrui, Jiangsu, China), depending on liver function, tumor size, and vascular supply. Further embolization with gelatin sponge particles (Hangzhou Alc, Hangzhou, China) was finally performed until arterial flow stasis and no tumor staining after repeat angiography.
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