Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin, Bayer) was injected subcutaneously according to a regimen of 40 mg/kg once a day for 5 days. Doxycycline (cat# D9891, SIGMA) was injected intraperitoneal according to a regimen of 50 mg/kg every 12 h for 5 days.
Ciproxin
Manufactured by Bayer
Sourced in Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Germany
Ciproxin is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for various scientific applications. It is a versatile and reliable instrument that can be used for a range of analytical and experimental tasks. The core function of Ciproxin is to provide accurate and precise measurements and data collection, facilitating research and analysis in diverse scientific fields.
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Lab products found in correlation
Doxycycline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sandostatin, by Novartis (1 mentions)
Prograf, by Astellas Pharma (1 mentions)
Valcyte, by Roche (1 mentions)
Diflucan, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Cellcept, by Roche (1 mentions)
Myfortic, by Novartis (1 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Finafloxacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using ciproxin
1
Antibiotic Dose Comparison Protocol
2
Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study of Common Medications
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Caffeine (Coffeinum® N 0.2 g, Mylan Dura GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), efavirenz (Stocrin®, Merck Sharp & Dohme-Chibret AG, Opfikon, Switzerland), losartan (Cosaar®, Merck Sharp & Dohme-Chibret AG, Opfikon, Switzerland), metoprolol (Belok ZOK®, AstraZeneca AG, Zug, Switzerland), omeprazole (Antramups®, AstraZeneca AG, Zug, Switzerland), midazolam (midazolam oral solution, 2 mg/mL, University Hospital Pharmacy, Basel, Switzerland), ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin®, 750 mg, Bayer AG, Zurich, Switzerland), fluconazole (Diflucan®, 200 mg, Pfizer AG, Zurich, Switzerland), paroxetine (Deroxat®, 20 mg, GlaxoSmithKline, Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland), and rifampicin (Rimactan®, 600 mg, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) were purchased through the University Hospital Pharmacy, Basel, Switzerland.
3
Immunosuppressive Protocol for Organ Transplant
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Standard immunosuppression included induction therapy with a single dose of 8 mg per kg bodyweight antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (ATG‐Fresenius®; Fresenius Biotech, Gräfelfing, Germany); tacrolimus (Prograf®; Astellas Pharma, Vienna, Austria) with trough levels of 12–15 ng/ml for the first 3 months, aiming at 3–5 ng/ml at 2 years after transplantation; mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept®; Roche Austria, Vienna, Austria) at a dose of 1 g twice daily, or enteric coated mycofenolic acid (Myfortic®; Novartis Austria, Vienna, Austria) at a dose of 720 mg twice daily; and a steroid taper with an attempt to wean steroids at 1 year.
Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis consisted of tazobactam/piperacillin (Tazonam®; Pfizer Austria, Vienna, Austria) and ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin®; Bayer Austria, Vienna, Austria) for 3 days. Fluconazole (Diflucan®; Pfizer Austria) was given for 7 days. In the event of a CMV mismatch (D+/R–), antiviral prophylaxis consisted of valganciclovir (Valcyte®; Roche Austria) for 3 months.
Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin®; Novartis Austria) was administered for 7 days. Blood glucose levels were kept below 120 mg/dl in the ICU. In the general ward, levels exceeding 150 mg/dl were treated with subcutaneous insulin. Grafts were monitored closely by daily ultrasound examination17 .
Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis consisted of tazobactam/piperacillin (Tazonam®; Pfizer Austria, Vienna, Austria) and ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin®; Bayer Austria, Vienna, Austria) for 3 days. Fluconazole (Diflucan®; Pfizer Austria) was given for 7 days. In the event of a CMV mismatch (D+/R–), antiviral prophylaxis consisted of valganciclovir (Valcyte®; Roche Austria) for 3 months.
Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin®; Novartis Austria) was administered for 7 days. Blood glucose levels were kept below 120 mg/dl in the ICU. In the general ward, levels exceeding 150 mg/dl were treated with subcutaneous insulin. Grafts were monitored closely by daily ultrasound examination
4
Finafloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Formulation
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Finafloxacin was supplied by MerLion Pharmaceuticals Pte Ltd. For the in vitro assays, 100 mg of Finafloxacin or ciprofloxacin (Sigma Aldrich Ltd., United Kingdom) was added to 9 ml of sterile water and 1 ml of 1 M sodium hydroxide to make a working stock of 10 mg/ml. The equivalent concentration of sodium hydroxide, used to prepare the antibiotics, was included as a control for growth of bacteria. This control was included in all in vitro assays.
For the in vivo studies, a 15 mg/ml solution of Finafloxacin was prepared by adding 2.1 ml of 0.01 M Tris buffer to 44 mg of Finafloxacin (containing 37.5 mg of active ingredient). 200 μl of 1 M sodium hydroxide was added to dissolve the antibiotic, followed by 200 μl of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid. The pH of the resulting solution was pH 8. An intravenous preparation of ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin 2 mg/ml) was purchased from Bayer (Basingstoke, United Kingdom). Dosing regimens were determined using pharmacokinetic data generated from previous studies (Barnes et al., 2017 (link); Hamblin et al., 2017 (link)).
For the in vivo studies, a 15 mg/ml solution of Finafloxacin was prepared by adding 2.1 ml of 0.01 M Tris buffer to 44 mg of Finafloxacin (containing 37.5 mg of active ingredient). 200 μl of 1 M sodium hydroxide was added to dissolve the antibiotic, followed by 200 μl of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid. The pH of the resulting solution was pH 8. An intravenous preparation of ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin 2 mg/ml) was purchased from Bayer (Basingstoke, United Kingdom). Dosing regimens were determined using pharmacokinetic data generated from previous studies (Barnes et al., 2017 (link); Hamblin et al., 2017 (link)).
5
Comparative Inhaled Ciprofloxacin Formulations
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Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin®, Bayer), liposomal ciprofloxacin for inhalation (CFI) (Aradigm, USA) and dual release ciprofloxacin for inhalation (DRCFI) (Aradigm, USA) were used in this study. Ciproxin, 2 mg/ml solution for infusion, and CFI (ARD-3100, Lipoquin®), 50 mg/ml liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin (expressed as hydrochloride) were used as supplied. DRCFI (ARD-3150, Pulmaquin®), 35 mg/ml ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, was produced by mixing equal volumes of CFI and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride solution for inhalation (20 mg/ml) (Aradigm, USA) immediately prior to use.
6
Formulation and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Tablets
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Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) was obtained from Shangyu Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shaoxing, China). Commercial CIP tablets, Ciproxin®, were purchased from Bayer Pharma AG (lot ITA5888, Leverkusen, Germany). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose® SGL 60L containing 27.0–30.0% methoxy group, 7.0–11.0% hydroxypropoxy group and 0.3–0.6% stearyloxyhydroxypropoxy group and SGL 90L containing 21.5–24.0% methoxy group, 7.0–11.0% hydroxypropoxy group and 0.3–0.6% stearyloxyhydroxypropoxy group) were supplied from DAIDO Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). K-type hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 4000 and 15,000 cps (HPMC 4K and 15K) and crospovidone were purchased from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium bicarbonate was obtained from Natural Soda, LLC (Rifle, CO, USA). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC 102) was purchased from Wei Ming Pharmaceutical Mfg. Co., Ltd. (Taipei, Taiwan). All the reagents used in experiments were either pharmaceutical or chromatographic grade.
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