Sample morphologies with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on a TECNAI G2 TF20 (U.S.). FT-IR spectra of all samples in the wavenumber range 4000–400 cm−1 were obtained in KBr pressed pellets on a TENSOR model 27 FTIR spectrometer (Germany, Bruker). The powder X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) were measured by X-ray diffraction (Germany, Bruker, D8Advance) with Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.542 Å. The specific surface area was calculated by the Bruner–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The pore size distributions were derived from the adsorption branches of the isotherms based on the Barrett–Joyner–Hollande (BJH) model. Magnetic hysteresis loops at room temperature were obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometer VSM 7304 (Lakeshore, Columbus, OH, USA). The chemical composition of nanocomposites was characterized by XPS (U.S. Thermos Scientific ESCALAB250). The UV–Vis spectra (China, Shanghai, Shimadzu UV-2501 PC spectrometer) were performed to study the catalytic reduction activity. The samples were placed in a 1 × 1 × 3 cm quartz cuvettes, and the spectra were recorded at room temperature.
Uv 2501 pc spectrometer
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The UV-2501 PC spectrometer is a laboratory instrument designed for spectroscopic analysis. It is capable of measuring the absorbance or transmittance of samples over a wide range of ultraviolet and visible light wavelengths. The instrument features a high-sensitivity, double-beam optical system and a user-friendly interface for data collection and analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
500 spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Microtof qii hr ms, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Mfp 3d bio, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Agilent 8 900 triple quadrupole, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Delsa nanoc particle size analyzer, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)
Nicolet 5700, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
D max 2500, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Jem 2100 transmission electron microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Tga q500, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Xl30 microscope, by Philips (1 mentions)
Essentia lc 16, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Avance 400 mhz spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Acquity qda, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Equinox 55, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Chirascan, by Applied Photophysics (1 mentions)
Mcp 200 polarimeter, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
Silica gel 200 300 mesh, by Qingdao Marine Chemical (1 mentions)
Chirascan plus circular dichroism spectrometer, by Applied Photophysics (1 mentions)
Ultimate 3000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
9 protocols using uv 2501 pc spectrometer
1
Comprehensive Characterization of Nanocomposites
2
Photostability of Ethanolic Extracts
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An aliquot of each ethanolic extract was diluted in 2.5 mL of DMF (absorption of ~1.0 at 411 nm), and then transferred to a quartz cuvette at room temperature under gentle magnetic stirring and irradiated for 5, 15, 35, and 75 min with red light (λ = 630 ± 20 nm) or white light (400–800 nm) for 15 and 30 min. The absorbance spectra were recorded between 350 and 800 nm in the Shimadzu UV-2501 PC spectrometer. UV–Vis spectroscopy assessed the intensity of the Soret band at the different intervals of time and the photostability was expressed as It/I0 (%) (It = intensity of the band at given time of irradiation, I0 = intensity of the band just before the irradiation). The red light system was a home-made LED array composed by a matrix of 5 × 5 LED that takes a total of 25 light sources with an emission peak at 630 nm and a bandwidth at half maximum of 20 nm (irradiance of 10 mW cm−2). The white light (400–800 nm) was delivered from a compatible fiber optic probe attached to a 250 W quartz/halogen lamp (LumaCare® model LC122, USA) at an irradiance of 50 mW cm−2. Both irradiances were measured with an energy meter Coherent FieldMaxII-Top combined with a Coherent PowerSensPS19Q energy sensor.
3
Spectroscopic Analysis of Compounds
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1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were both performed on a Bruker 500 spectrometer operating at 500 MHz (1H NMR) and 125 MHz (13C NMR). Tetramethylsilane (TMS) was used as an internal standard and DMSO (d6) was used as the solvent. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed on a Bruker microTOF‐QII HR‐MS. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images were taken on a Nova Nano SEM 200 scanning electron microscope. Transmission HPLC measurements were taken on an Agilent 1120 type liquid instrument using an Inertsil ods‐sp C18 chromatographic column. UV spectra were recorded on a UV2501PC spectrometer (Shimadzu).
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1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were both performed on a Bruker 500 spectrometer operating at 500 MHz (1H NMR) and 125 MHz (13C NMR). Tetramethylsilane (TMS) was used as an internal standard and DMSO (d6) was used as the solvent. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed on a Bruker microTOF‐QII HR‐MS. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images were taken on a Nova Nano SEM 200 scanning electron microscope. Transmission HPLC measurements were taken on an Agilent 1120 type liquid instrument using an Inertsil ods‐sp C18 chromatographic column. UV spectra were recorded on a UV2501PC spectrometer (Shimadzu).
4
Characterization of Glassy Graphene Films
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The surface of the glassy graphene thin films was characterized by an atomic force microscope (Asylum Research MFP-3D-BIO), a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi SU8010), and an optical microscope (Shanghai Changfang CMM-55E). The thicknesses of the films were tested by scanning the step between the film and the substrate using an atomic force microscope. The microstructures of glassy graphene thin films were characterized using HRTEM (FEI Tecnai G20) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN, Renishaw, inVia Reflex). The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum is recorded on a UV-2501PC spectrometer (Shimadzu). The sheet resistances of glassy graphene thin films were probed using a four-point probe resistivity measurement system (Guangzhou 4-Probes Tech, RTS-9).
5
Comprehensive Porewater Analysis Protocol
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The filtered porewater was aliquoted in the glovebox and conditioned for subsequent chemical analysis of sulfide, ferrous iron, major cations and anions, and trace elements. Sulfide was analyzed using the Cline method (Cline, 1969 (link)) and ferrous iron using the ferrozine assay (Stookey, 1970 (link)) both with a UV-2501PC spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Major anions and cations were detected and quantified by Ion Chromatography. An IonPac®CS13A-5 μm cation-exchange column (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States), with as gradient eluent 20 mM methane sulfonic acid, was used for major cations, whereas an IonPac® AS18-4 μm anion-exchange column (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States), with as gradient eluent KOH (from 0.0 to 30 mM), was used for major anions. Trace metals Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, Sr, Zn, were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on an Agilent 8,900 Triple Quadrupole (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, United States), with all samples prepared in dilutions with 0.1 M HNO3 (final concentration, ultra-pure grade, MilliporeSigma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
6
Powder Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
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UV–Vis DR spectra were obtained by a Shimadzu UV-2501 PC spectrometer equipped with a diffuse scattering ISR-240 A cell in the 11,000–53,000 cm−1 range. All samples were loaded as a powder into a quartz cell with 2 mm optical path length.
7
Characterization of Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained with a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope (Jeol Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed using a Dmax-2500 (Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Magnetic measurements (VSM) were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (Lake Shore Company, Westerville, OH, USA) at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were carried out on a Philips XL30 microscope (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The zeta potential of these particles was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a Delsa™ NanoC Particle Size Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the nanocomposite and chitosan was performed in a TGA Q500 from TA Instruments (New Castle, DE, USA). Analyzed samples were heated from 100°C to 800°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min under a nitrogen flow of 50 mL/min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the nanocomposite and chitosan was performed by Nicolet 5700 (Thermo Nicolet, Waltham, MA, USA). The adsorption of BSA on CS-coated Fe3O4 NPs was measured using a UV-2501PC spectrometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
8
Comprehensive Spectroscopic Analysis of Natural Compounds
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Optical rotations were measured on an MCP 200 polarimeter by using a Na lamp (Anton Paar). UV spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu UV-2501PC spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). To obtained ECD experiment data, Chirascan and Chirascan-Plus circular dichroism spectrometers (Applied Photophysics Ltd., Surrey, UK) were used. IR spectra were recorded using a Fourier transformation infra-red spectrometer coupled with infrared microscope EQUINOX 55 (Bruker, Rheinstetten, Germany). NMR spectra were obtained with a Bruker Avance 400 MHz spectrometer with tetramethylsilane as the internal standard (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). HR-ESIMS data were determined by an LTQ-Orbitrap LC-MS spectrometer (Thermo Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA). ESIMS were acquired in an ACQUITY QDA (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA). Silica gel 200–300 mesh (Qing dao Marine Chemical Factory, Qingdao, China) and Sephadex LH-20 (GF Healthcare, Littile Chalfont, UK) was used for column chromatography (CC). Semipreparative HPLC was performed on an Essentia LC-16 (Shimadzu, Shanghai, China). Thin layer chromatography was carried out on Pre-coated silica gel plates (Qingdao Huang Hai Chemical Group Co., G60, F-254, China).
9
Comprehensive Metabolite and Gas Analysis
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Metabolites were sampled at initial (t0) and final (after 48 to 96 h) stage of growth, and were quantified using a High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (Dionex Ultimate 3000). Aminex HPX-87H column (BioRad Cat No. 125-0140) with a pre-column Cation H (BioRad Cat No. 125-0129) were heated at 45 °C. Mobile phase was H2SO4 4.1 mM at 0.3 mL/min, analysed through a refractometer (Waters 2414).
Gases were analysed at final stage with a Gas Chromatography (PerkinElmer Clarus 580) with a Rt-U-BOND column (RESTEK Cat No. 19752 30m x 0.32mm x 10µm) for CO2 and a Rt-Msieve 5Å column (RESTEK Cat No. 19722 30m x 0.32mm x 30µm) for N2, O2 and H2. Mobile phase was argon (3.5 bars) and the detector was a thermal conductivity detector. Temperatures of the injector, oven and detector were 250, 60 and 150 °C respectively.
Absorbance spectra were recorded with a UV-visible UV-2501 PC spectrometer (Shimadzu, Nakagyōku, Japan) with plastic cuvettes. Ammonium quantification was assessed using LCK302 tubes (Hach, Düsseldorf, Germany) and DR3900 spectrometer (Hach).
Gases were analysed at final stage with a Gas Chromatography (PerkinElmer Clarus 580) with a Rt-U-BOND column (RESTEK Cat No. 19752 30m x 0.32mm x 10µm) for CO2 and a Rt-Msieve 5Å column (RESTEK Cat No. 19722 30m x 0.32mm x 30µm) for N2, O2 and H2. Mobile phase was argon (3.5 bars) and the detector was a thermal conductivity detector. Temperatures of the injector, oven and detector were 250, 60 and 150 °C respectively.
Absorbance spectra were recorded with a UV-visible UV-2501 PC spectrometer (Shimadzu, Nakagyōku, Japan) with plastic cuvettes. Ammonium quantification was assessed using LCK302 tubes (Hach, Düsseldorf, Germany) and DR3900 spectrometer (Hach).
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