Anti c jun n terminal

R&D (Minneapolis, MN, United States) provided the recombinant murine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), as well as the recombinant murine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), whereas α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM) along with foetal bovine serum (FBS) were provided by Hyclone (Logan, UT, US). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was obtained from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). TRAP staining kit was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Anti-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) (Cat#: 4695, 1:1000), anti-IκBα (Cat#: 4812, 1:1000), anti-p-JNK (Cat#: 4668, 1:1000), anti-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (Cat#: 9252, 1:1000), anti-p65 (Cat#: 8242, 1:1000), anti-p-ERK (Cat#: 4370, 1:2000), anti-p-p38 (Cat#: 4511, 1:1000), anti-c-Fos (Cat#: 2250, 1:1000), anti-p-p65 (Cat#: 3033, 1:2000), anti-p38 (Cat#: 8690, 1:1000), and anti-β-actin (Cat#: 8457, 1:1000), together with the fluorescence-labelled secondary antibodies against rabbit (Cat#: 5151, 1:30000) or mouse IgG (Cat#: 5470, 1:15000) were provided by Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). TRITC phalloidin was obtained from Solarbio Life Sciences (Beijing, China). Prime Script RT Master Mix and TB Green Premix Ex Taq were from Takara Bio Inc. (Shiga Prefecture, Japan).

Antibodies against microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and α-tubulin were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA) and Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), respectively. Anti-p21^Waf1/Cip1, anti-p27^Kip1, anti-cyclin D1, anti-caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), anti-c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), anti-phospho-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), anti-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), anti-phospho-AMPK (Thr172), anti-ULK, anti-phospho-ULK (Ser555), anti-c-jun, anti-phospho-c-jun (Ser73), anti-ERK1/2, anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202)/Tyr204), anti-p38, anti-phospho-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), anti-p53, anti-phospho-p53 (Ser15), anti-Bcl-2, anti-p62/SQSTM1, and anti-Beclin-1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Propidium iodide (PI), Ribonuclease A (RNase A) from bovine pancreas, monodansyl cadaverine (MDC), 2′7′-dichlorofulorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), Bafilomycin A1 from Streptomyces griseus, and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma Chemical. SP600125, SB203580, PD98059, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were obtained from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA).