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6 protocols using rat leptin elisa kit

1

Plasma and Heart Biomarker Analysis

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In plasma, assay kits were used to determine glycemia (Randox Laboratories, Crumlin, Antrim, UK), free fatty acids (NEFA kit, Roche, Mannheim, Germany), leptin (Rat leptin ELISA kit, Crystal Chem, Netherlands), LDL and HDL cholesterol (Abcam, ab65390) and 8-iso-PGF2α (Direct 8-iso-PGF2α ELISA kit, Enzo Life Science, Lausen, Switzerland).
In hearts, malondialdehyde (MDA) and mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) activity were evaluated (MAK085-1KT, Sigma-Aldrich; CS0720, Sigma-Aldrich; Saint-Louis, MO, USA) after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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2

Liver Lipid Extraction and Quantification

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Total lipids were extracted from the whole liver tissues using the chloroform-methanol method (28) . TC, TAG and NEFA in liver extracts, as well as TC, free cholesterol (FC), HDL and LDL-cholesterol and TAG in serum samples of the rats in all four cohorts, were measured using Wako assay kits (Wako Chemicals USA, Inc., Richmond, VA, USA) and the 96-well microplate analysis method to minimise variations. Serum leptin concentrations were determined using a rat leptin ELISA kit (Crystal Chem USA).
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3

Body Weight, Metabolic Biomarker Monitoring

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Over the period of the interventions starting from day (0) to the endpoint of the study at day (28), body weight was measured on weekdays. Blood sampling was performed on day 0 and day 28 with a fasting period of 4 hours. Blood withdrawal did not exceed 0.5 ml and the amount of blood did not exceed a total of 7.5% of circulating volume per week, in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines52 . Leptin and insulin values were measured using rat Leptin ELISA kit and an ultra-sensitive rat insulin ELISA kit (Crystal Chem, Inc. IL). Glucose measurements were done by Quest Laboratories Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) using an ADVIA Chemistry glucose hexokinase_3 (GLUH_3) reagent kit (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. NY). Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)53 (link) which is defined as 1/(log(Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)) + log(Fasting Insulin (μU/mL)). A conversion factor of 1 ng/ml insulin = 23.4 μU/ml was used for calculating QUICKI54 (link).
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4

Noni Juice Effects on Oxidative Stress

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Noni juice was purchased from Hanoju Europe Ltd. (Dinxperlo, The Netherlands). Carrageenan was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), while reagents for reactive oxygen metabolites-derived compounds (d-ROMs) test and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests from Diacron International s.r.l. (Grosseto, Italy), ELISA Kit for Endothelin 1 from USCN Life Science Inc. (Houston, USA) and Rat Leptin ELISA Kit from Crystal Chem Inc. (USA).
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5

Metabolic Monitoring in Rodent Model

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From 5 to 21 weeks, body weight and food intake were measured everyday of the intervention period. Blood plasma and imaging parameters were collected on baseline (day 0) and day 1, 3, 8, 15, and 29. A rodent restrainer was utilized during lateral vein bleeding. Each blood withdrawal did not exceed 0.2 mL, and the amount of blood withdrawn did not exceed a total of 7.5% of circulating volume per week in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines (http://oacu.od.nih.gov/arac/documents/Rodent_Bleeding.pdf). The blood sampling was performed without fasting due to the frequency of the imaging experiments. TG measurement was performed by Quest Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (Singapore) using an ADVIA Chemistry triglycerides reagent kit. Leptin and insulin values were measured using rat Leptin ELISA kit and an ultrasensitive rat insulin ELISA kit (Crystal Chem, Inc., IL).
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6

Quantification of Plasma Leptin, Insulin, and Triglycerides

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Leptin and insulin plasma concentrations were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), according to the instructions in the kit (CrystalChem Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, Rat Leptin ELISA kit CAT#90040; Rat Insulin ELISA Kit CAT#90060), respectively. Leptin and insulin standard curves were prepared between 0.2–12.8 ng/mL and 0.1–12.8 ng/mL, respectively. Absorbance was read at 450 and 630 nm in a Versamax reader. Plasma triglycerides were measured in duplicate by a colorimetric method using triglyceride reagent (Roche, NSW, Australia) and standard (Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd., Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia).
A total of 200 µL reagent was added to each well (10 µL sample) and incubated at 37 °C for 5–10 min. Absorbance was read at 490 nm in a microplate reader.
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