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8 protocols using agarose gel dna purification kit ver 2

1

Pro-TGase Gene Cloning and Integration

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pINA1296/pro-TGase and pINA1297/pro-TGase vectors were digested with Not I (Fig. 1) and the resulting DNA fragments carrying the pro-TGase gene were recovered using the Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver.2.0 (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Not I digestion linearizes the pINA1296/pro-TGase vector in the pBR322 region, allowing targeting its integration into the pBR322 docking platform of the Po1g strain [14 (link)]. In contrast, in the pINA1297/pro-TGase vector, Not I digestion liberates a “yeast cassette” devoid of bacterial DNA, bordered by zeta sequences and containing the ura3d4 defective selection marker. Zeta sequences are LTRs (long terminal repeats) of Ylt1 retrotransposon and have the property to promote non-homologous integration into the genome of Po1h strain [14 (link)]. The defective ura3d4 allele is required in multiple copies to complement the auxotrophy of the Po1h host, which leads to an amplification of the copy number of “yeast cassette” (hp4d::XPR2pre::pro-TGase:: XPR2term) integrated into the host genome [14 (link)]. The method described by Xuan et al. [28 (link)] was used for the transformation of Y. lipolytica, with selection on YNB-N5000 (1.7 g/L yeast nitrogen base without amino acids and ammonium sulfate, 10 g/L glucose, and 5 g/L ammonium sulfate) minimal medium plates.
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2

Cloning and Sequencing of AcMyD88 Gene

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The cDNA sequence of AwMyD88 was obtained by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene specific primers (Supplementary Table S1) were designed using Primer Premier 5.0 software according to the sequences of the AwMyD88 gene from our constructed A. woodiana cDNA library. The open reading frame (ORF) sequence of AwMyD88 was amplified using LA Taq DNA polymerase (Takara) in a 25 μl reaction volume containing 15.25 µl of dH2O, 4 µl of dNTP Mixture (2.5 mM each), 2.5 µl of 10×LA Taq Buffer II (Mg2+ Plus), 1 µl of each primer (10 μM), 0.25 µl of LA Taq and 1 µl of cDNA template. The PCR amplification program was performed according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, 35 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 60°C for 30 s and extension at 72°C for 2 min were conducted for amplification. The PCR amplification products were separated using 1.0% agarose gel electrophoresis with Goldview nucleic acid stain, purified with a TaKaRa Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver.2.0 and subsequently cloned into the pMD19-T plasmid vector (Takara, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Positive colonies were screened and further confirmed by DNA sequencing.
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3

PCR Product Purification and Sequencing

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PCR products were purified with the Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver.2.0 (TaKaRa), and were directly sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) or ligated into pMD18-T Vector or pMD19-T Simple Vector (TaKaRa). Then, the recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli DH5α cells according to TaKaRa’s guidelines, and were sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd.
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4

Mosquito DNA Isolation Protocol

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DNA was isolated from individual mosquitoes using the method developed by Livak and a TaKaRa DNA isolation kit (TaKaRa Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver.2.0, Code DV805A). Prior to DNA isolation, one-third of the lower-abdomen of female mosquitoes was removed and stored in liquid nitrogen in order to avoid DNA contamination from sperm in the reproductive tract.
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5

Cloning and Expression of Bacterial Strains

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The strain L. brevis ATCC 367 was obtained from the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The strain K. pneumoniae DSM2026 was obtained from Doctor An-Ping Zeng (Hamburg University of Technology). E. coli DH5α was used as host strains for cloning. BL21 (DE3) was used as host strains for expression. Plasmid pET-32a(+) was employed as an expression vector.
All enzymes, such as restriction endonucleases, T4 DNA ligase and Ex Taq DNA, were recruited from TaKaRa Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase, Ligation solution I, Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver 2.0, Mutan BEST Kit, Agarose Gel DNA Fragment Recovery Kit Ver.2.0 and pMD18-T were obtained from TaKaRa Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). GeneRuler Ladder Mix was purchased from MBI Co. All other chemicals used were analytically graded and were purchased from either Sigma China or Omiga China.
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6

Cloning and Sequencing CBL Genes

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Degenerate and specific PCR primers were designed for the CBL genes, corresponding to the conserved amino acid sequences in the analagous gene products of other plant species (Additional file 7). PCR was performed in a total volume of 25 μL containing 2.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.15 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.4 mmol/L of each primer, 0.8 U Taq DNA polymerase (TAKARA) and 10 ng cDNA under the following conditions: an initial denaturation step at 94 °C for 3 min, 30 cycles at 94 °C for 50 s, 58 °C for 50 s, 72 °C for 100 s, with a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min followed by holding at 4 °C. The PCR products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the incised gels were purified using the Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver.2.0 (TaKaRa). All products were ligated into the pMD19-T simple vector system (TaKaRa). Positive clones were sequenced with ABI3730 at Invitrogen Biotechnology Service Company (Shanghai, China).
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7

Extraction and Amplification of SAMS Genes from Plant Bark

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Total RNA was extracted from the bark of soft cuttings using the Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA was quantified and evaluated for purity by UV spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. Prior to reverse transcription, RNA samples were treated with DNase I (Takara, Dalian, China) according to the manufacturer's manual.
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using a TaKaRa RNA PCR Kit (Takara, Dalian, China). Degenerate primers designed based on conserved sequences from genes encoding SAMS in other plants were used to amplify the core fragments (Table 1). PCR was performed in a 25 µl mixture containing 20 ng of template cDNA, 200 mM of each dNTP, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 1.0 mM of each primer, 1× PCR buffer, and 1.0 U of Taq DNA polymerase. The reaction was carried out under the following conditions: the template was denatured at 94°C for 4 min, followed by 35 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, 55°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 1 min, with a final step at 72°C for 10 min. The PCR products were separated by 1.0% (w/v) agarose gel electrophoresis, and the DNA was purified from the excised gel fragments using Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver.2.0 (Takara, Dalian, China).
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8

Genomic DNA Extraction and NR Gene Integration Analysis in D. salina

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High-quality genomic DNA was extracted from the transformants using a modified sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) method as previously described (Jia et al., 2012) . PCR was used to detect the integration of the NR gene into the D. salina genome using the NR5 primer according to the DCA promoter (GenBank: AF541981) and the coding region of the NR cDNA (Table 1). PCR amplifications were performed under the following conditions: 94°C for 3 min followed by 30 cycles of 94°C for 30 s; 58°C for 40 s; and 72°C for 1 min, and a final extension for 10 min at 72°C. The PCR products were verified by electrophoresis on 1.0% agarose gels. The fragments with the expected size were recovered from the gels using the TaKaRa Agarose Gel DNA Purification Kit Ver.2.0 (TaKaRa, China), and directly sequenced.
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