Carbamazepine

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

Carbamazepine is a laboratory instrument used for the detection and quantification of the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine in various sample matrices. It functions as an analytical tool to assist in medical and pharmaceutical research and development.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

Carbamazepine (CBZ) (2 citations) Carbamazepine (C15H12N2O, (2 citations)

7 protocols using carbamazepine

In Vitro Solubility Screening Compounds

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Antipyrine, cimetidine, clotrimazole, N-desmethyl-tamoxifen hydrochloride, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, ketoprofen, maleic acid, (+/−)-metoprolol-(+)-tartrate, (+/−)-norverapamil hydrochloride, piroxicam, tamoxifen, terbutaline hemisulfate and (+/−)-verapamil hydrochloride 99% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); (+/−)-propranolol hydrochloride and ranitidine hydrochloride were obtained from Alfa Aesar GmbH & Co KG (Karlsruhe, Germany), and carbamazepine was purchased from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Midazolam and α-hydroxyMidazolam were purchased from Lipomed AG (Arlesheim, Switzerland), and agar, calcium chloride dihydrate, glucose hydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate monobasic and sodium hydrogencarbonate were obtained from Hänseler AG (Herisau, Switzerland). Sodium taurocholate was purchased from Prodotti Chimici e Alimentari S.p.A., (Basaluzzo, Italy) and lecithin (grade EPCS > 98% phospholipids) was obtained from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany).

Arnold Y.E., Thorens J., Bernard S, & Kalia Y.N. (2019). Drug Transport across Porcine Intestine Using an Ussing Chamber System: Regional Differences and the Effect of P-Glycoprotein and CYP3A4 Activity on Drug Absorption. Pharmaceutics, 11(3), 139.

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Evaluation of Compound Interactions

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All chemicals used in this study were of the highest purity.
Erythromycin, 1,1dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin), gemfibrozil, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, disodium salt, hexahydrate (pNPP), and calcium chloride dihydrate were purchased from Thermo Scientific. Trimethoprim, diclofenac sodium, gabapentin, and carbamazepine were purchased from Acros Organics. Amoxicillin, albumin from bovine serum (BSA), L-glutathione reduced (GSH), 1-chloro,24-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), potassium chloride, 2-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. L-Leucine-4-nittoanilide, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Sodium pyruvate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and sodium hydrogen carbonate were purchased from Fisher Scientific.

O’Rourke K., Engelmann B., Altenburger R., Rolle-Kampczyk U, & Grintzalis K. (2023). Molecular Responses of Daphnids to Chronic Exposures to Pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 4100.

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Analytical Standards for Environmental Monitoring

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(R,S)-atenolol (≥98%), beta-estradiol (≥98%), pyrene (99%), tamoxifen (≥99%), salbutamol (≥96%), hexafluorobenzene (99%), HPLC-grade chlorobenzene (99.9%), methanol (≥99.9%), dichloromethane (≥99.5%), and trimethoprim (≥99%), as well as the EPA 8279 organophosphorous pesticide mix 2 (CRM47908: dimethoate, disulfoton, famphur, parathion, parathion-methyl, phorate, sulfotep, thionazin, and triethyl thiophosphate) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland).
Benzothiazole (>96%) and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (>98%) were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Eschborn, Germany), 1H-benzotriazole (99%) from ABCR Chemicals (Karlsruhe, Germany), caffeine (≥99%), fluorobenzene (>99.5%), and toluene (>99.7%) from Fluka-Chemie AG (Neu-Ulm, Switzerland), carbamazepine (99%), hexane (96%), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (>99%) and acetone for residue analysis (99.9%) from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), sulfamethoxazole from Apollo Scientific Ltd (Stockport, UK), and HPLC grade acetonitrile from Fisher Scientific (Reinach, Switzerland). Chromatography grade LiChrosolv® water was used and purchased from VWR International GmbH (Dietikon, Switzerland).

Huba A.K., Mirabelli M.F, & Zenobi R. (2018). High-throughput screening of PAHs and polar trace contaminants in water matrices by direct solid-phase microextraction coupled to a dielectric barrier discharge ionization source. Analytica chimica acta, 1030.

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UHPLC Analysis of Carbamazepine and Haloperidol

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UHPLC analysis was performed using a Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000 (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with a diode array detector at 282 nm for carbamazepine and 247 nm for haloperidol (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). The separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH column C8 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm, Waters, Milford, MA, USA). The mobile phases A and B consisted of water:formic acid 999:1 (v/v) and acetonitrile:formic acid 999:1 (v/v), respectively. Gradient and flow rate is shown in Table 1. System management, data acquisition and processing were based on the Chromeleon™ software package, version 7.2 (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA).

Ditzinger F., Price D.J., Nair A., Becker-Baldus J., Glaubitz C., Dressman J.B., Saal C, & Kuentz M. (2019). Opportunities for Successful Stabilization of Poor Glass-Forming Drugs: A Stability-Based Comparison of Mesoporous Silica Versus Hot Melt Extrusion Technologies. Pharmaceutics, 11(11), 577.

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Verapamil and Carbamazepine Intraperitoneal Injections

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Starting one week after baseline behavior testing, all animals received daily intraperitoneal injections according to the assigned group for 30 days. Control animals were given saline injections, animals in the Verapamil (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) group were given a dose of 3.5 mg per kilogram of body weight, whereas Carbamazepine (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) animals received a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of body weight.

Boboc I.K., Cojocaru A., Nedelea G., Catalin B., Bogdan M, & Calina D. (2023). Chronic Administration of Ion Channel Blockers Impact Microglia Morphology and Function in a Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(19), 14474.

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Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Plasma

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All solvents used in this work are LC/MS grade. Water and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (NJ, USA). Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline 1X was purchased from VWR life science. Adult bovine serum was purchased from MP biomedicals. Metoprolol, pindolol, acebutolol, and oxprenolol were provided by Dr. Lisa Holland in the Department of Chemistry at West Virginia University. Capecitabine and irinotecan (CPT11) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Carbamazepine, selected as an internal standard for quantification, was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA). Biocompatible SPME probes (C18, 45 μm thickness, 15 mm length of coating, Supelco) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis,MO).

Wang J., Li C, & Li P. (2022). A Small Footprint and Robust Interface for Solid Phase Microextraction and Mass Spectrometry based on Vibrating Sharp-edge Spray Ionization. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 33(2), 304-314.

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Carbamazepine and Benzoquinone Synthesis

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Solvents were supplied by Sigma–Aldrich Company Ltd and used without further purification. Carbamazepine and 1,4-benzoquinone were obtained from Alfa Aesar and Thermo Fisher Scientific, respectively.

Schneider-Rauber G., Arhangelskis M., Goh W.P., Cattle J., Hondow N., Drummond-Brydson R., Ghadiri M., Sinha K., Ho R., Nere N.K., Bordawekar S., Sheikh A.Y, & Jones W. (2021). Understanding stress-induced disorder and breakage in organic crystals: beyond crystal structure anisotropy. Chemical Science, 12(42), 14270-14280.

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