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267 protocols using pasw statistics version 18

1

Biochemical Analysis of Rat Tissue

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All data were presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Comparisons of the data from the different groups were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, PASW Statistics version 18, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Differences with P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Each “n” value refers to the number of animals.
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2

Animal Survival and Proliferation Analysis

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Mice survival was analysed with PASW Statistics Version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Comparisons in proliferation tests and MVD analysis were conducted by one-way analysis of variance or two-tailed Student’s t test. Comparisons of animal survivals were performed using Log-rank test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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3

Pneumonia Risk Factors in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

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The incidence of pneumonia was estimated as the number of patients developing pneumonia divided by the corresponding person-years at risk. The relationship (A) between latency to dysphagia and total survival time and (B) between latency to first pneumonia and total survival time was examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (in deceased cases with experience of pneumonia). The risk of early development of pneumonia associated with each predictive factor was investigated by survival time analysis. Thereafter, the risk associated with significant predictive factors as detected by survival time analysis was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) by Cox regression analysis, adjusted by sex and age at disease onset. A previous large study of pathologically confirmed PSP patients has indicated that older age at onset and male sex are associated with poor life prognosis [10 (link)].
Analyses were performed using PASW Statistics version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results are expressed as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.
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4

Comparative Statistical Analysis of Datasets

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The mean and standard deviation of each dataset were obtained. Post hoc analysis by Dunnett’s t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of data. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Data analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics (version 18) software (SPSS Inc., IL, USA).
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5

Clinicopathological Factors and Genetic Aberrations in Survival Analysis

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The associations between clinicopathological variables and gene aberrations were evaluated using Fisher's exact test or the chi‐squared test. Overall survival (OS) was measured as the time interval between the first date of visiting our department and that of the last follow‐up or death. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the univariate and multivariate prognostic significance of clinicopathological variables and tumor gene aberrations regarding OS. Survival curves were estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier method, and these differences were examined using the log‐rank test. All analyses were performed using PASW Statistics, version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical analyses related to somatic mutations were performed for non‐synonymous mutations, excluding synonymous mutations.
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6

Comparison of Perioperative Anesthesia Outcomes

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Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics version 18 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) for Windows (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). The Student t test was used to compare VAS, MOAA/S scales, total consumed local anesthetics of PCEA, blood pressure, and heart rate. The incidences of adverse events were compared using the chi-squared test or Fisher exact test. The changes in PaCO2, PaO2, and O2 saturation during OLV, and postoperatively were compared within the groups using a repeated-measures analysis of variance, and between the groups using the Student t test. The chi-squared test was used to analyze other categorical data; P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.
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7

Cognitive Assessment Correlation Analysis

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All statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and graphical plotting was performed in GraphPad Prism 7 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, San Jose, CA). The correlation between each variable including subject age and MMSE/HDS-R scores were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Subsequently, parameters with moderate correlation coefficients (r > 0.3) from MMSE or HDS-R were determined as independent variables [13 ] and evaluated using multivariate logistic regression with simultaneous entry.
Values of p < 0.05 were considered indicative of statistical significance in all statistical analyses.
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8

Emotional Empathy in Schizophrenia

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Data were analyzed using PASW Statistics, version 18 (SPSS). The significance level was established at p = 0.05. The ANOVA was applied over accuracy (number of correct answers) and time needed to complete ‘Feeling Master’. Repeated ANOVA computation was used to analyze subject’s performance in the ‘Feeling Master’, per group (participants with schizophrenia and healthy control group). Fisher’s exact test was also used to compare error patterns between the participants with schizophrenia and the healthy control group. Spearman’s correlations were carried out in order to find out convergent validity between the emotion values achieved in FER and the IPSAQ and ToM scores for the participants with schizophrenia.
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9

Skin Conductance Response Acquisition and Analysis

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SCR were acquired using the constant voltage (0.5 V) method by means of MRI-compatible and radiotranslucent electrodes with a 1 cm diameter contact area placed on the distal phalanges of the second and third finger of the participant's left hand (BIOPAC Systems Inc., Goleta, CA). The SCR signal was amplified and recorded with a BIOPAC Systems skin conductance module connected to an Apple MacBook Pro running AcqKnowledge software version 4.0 (BIOPAC Systems Inc., Goleta, CA). Data were recorded with a sampling rate of 200 Hz. The RF-artifacts in the SCR-waveforms were removed off-line by a median-filter (window length: 50 samples) using the software MATLAB R2011b (MathWorks, Natick, MA). Off-line analysis of SCR waveforms was done using the automated scoring system for EDA data included in the AcqKnowledge software. The window length was set to 6 s, starting at the CS presentation. Only SCRs were analyzed with response amplitude higher than 10% of the maximal response. The SCRs were then normalized through a square root transformation. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests as implemented in the software PASW Statistics (Version 18, SPSS Inc.). To be consistent with the fMRI analysis (see below), we divided the acquisition phase in an early (3rd to 16th trial) and late phase (17th to 30th trial).
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10

Histopathological Analysis of Skin Biopsies

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Six thousand eight hundred and sixteen (6816) biopsies were reviewed which were included in 5941 histopathology report forms and were processed in the “Andreas Sygros” hospital during the years 2004–2006. Furthermore, a topographic anatomy coding system was developed along with an ad hoc coding system for skin diseases in order to meet the requirements of the study (data not shown). Each of the 5941 patients underwent at least one and at most seven skin biopsies at any session. The frequencies of the various sites of biopsy, the percentages of all clinical diagnoses proposed by the dermatologists, and the percentages of the histological diagnoses set by the dermatopathologists were calculated and statistical significance was evaluated.
Data were analyzed using PASW Statistics version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago IL). Descriptive statistics were applied including frequencies and percentages, as well as the chi-square test, both for one-way and contingency tables. The level of significance was set at less than 0.05.
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