Wiley mini mill

Manufactured by Thomas Scientific

Sourced in United States

The Wiley Mini Mill is a compact, laboratory-grade grinding mill designed for the preparation of small samples. It features a stainless steel milling chamber and blades that can accommodate a wide range of sample types, including plant materials, animal tissues, and various solid materials. The mill operates at a fixed speed to ensure consistent particle size reduction. Its compact size and straightforward controls make it suitable for use in a variety of laboratory settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

Pepsin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Ctec2, by Novozymes (1 mentions) Ase 350, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Peracetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Wiley mill model 4, by Thomas Scientific (1 mentions) Freezone 2, by Labconco (1 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Avantor (1 mentions) Ammonium hydroxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Freeze dryer, by Labconco (1 mentions) Isomet saw, by Buehler (1 mentions) Vario max cube, by Elementar (1 mentions) Lambda 35, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)

25 protocols using wiley mini mill

Pretreatment of Wheat Straw and Aspen Sawdust

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Wheat straw was received from southern
Finland as 10–30 cm long stems. Remaining chaffs were removed
by hand, and the stems were fed to Wiley mini-mill (Thomas Scientific)
to pass 60 mesh. Extractives were removed from wheat straw with EtOH
and CHCl₃:MeOH at room temperature (detailed procedure
in S1.1).
The naturally grown aspen was 23–24 year-old
wood with 7 cm diameter at breast height from southern Finland. The
Aspen was collected as wood and subsequently processed to sawdust
to simulate logging residues. Aspen sawdust was first sterilized by
briefly immersing at 90 °C in distilled water and washed with
acetone and finally dried in oven at 50 °C. The sterilized sawdust
was then fed to Wiley mill to pass 60 mesh. Extractives were removed
with acetone overnight (detailed procedure in S1.1).

Hyväkkö U., Maltari R., Kakko T., Kontro J., Mikkilä J., Kilpeläinen P., Enqvist E., Tikka P., Hildén K., Nousiainen P, & Sipilä J. (2019). On the Effect of Hot-Water Pretreatment in Sulfur-Free Pulping of Aspen and Wheat Straw. ACS Omega, 5(1), 265-273.

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Switchgrass Biomass Sugar Release Assay

Cited 1 time

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The stems from the above-ground R1 stage transgenic switchgrass were harvested by removing the inflorescence, leaf blades, sheaths, internode 1 (I1) and top of the tiller following the standardized protocol [106 (link)]. After air-drying in the greenhouse for 3 weeks, the stem of transgenic switchgrass was ground to pass through a 20-mesh (0.841 mm) screen using a Wiley Mini Mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ). The milled material was then tested for total sugar release through a high-throughput method that combines hot-water pretreatment with enzymatic hydrolysis [116 (link)]. Briefly, 5 mg ground biomass was weighed in sample replicates into random individual wells on 96-well Hastelloy plates; ultrapure water (18.3 MΩ cm) from a MilliQ filter system was added. The plates were sealed with Teflon tape, clamped, and subjected to hot-water pretreatment at 180 °C for 17.5 min. The subsequent enzymatic saccharification was carried out by adding buffer to each well in the plate, mixing, and using Novozymes CTec2 at loadings of 70 mg enzyme/g biomass with incubation at 40 °C for 70 h. The sugar release was measured using a glucose oxidase–peroxidase (GOPOD) assay for glucose and a xylose dehydrogenase (XDH) assay for xylose absorbances versus standard curves [82 (link)].

Lin C.Y., Donohoe B.S., Bomble Y.J., Yang H., Yunes M., Sarai N.S., Shollenberger T., Decker S.R., Chen X., McCann M.C., Tucker M.P., Wei H, & Himmel M.E. (2021). Iron incorporation both intra- and extra-cellularly improves the yield and saccharification of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 14, 55.

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Wood Chip Milling and Preparation

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Debarked birch wood chips
were milled with
a Wiley mini mill (Thomas Scientific, USA) through a 20-mesh sieve.
Spruce wood chips used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis
were screened through a 40-mesh sieve.

Sapouna I., van Erven G., Heidling E., Lawoko M, & McKee L.S. (2023). Impact of Extraction Method on the Structure of Lignin from Ball-Milled Hardwood. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 11(43), 15533-15543.

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Biomass Isolation and Preparation

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Leaf samples were harvested from 5-week-old Arabidopsis, 8-week-old rice, and 10-week-old switchgrass and Populus, ground to a fine powder using liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C until use. Biomass samples were isolated as follows: rice stem from 3-month-old plants, switchgrass whole tillers harvested at the R1 stage [35 (link)], and Populus wood from 9-month-old plants [21 (link)]. Harvested biomass samples were air dried completely and milled to a 20-mesh (0.85 mm) particle size using a Wiley Mini-Mill (model number: 3383L10, Thomas Scientific). For Populus wood, the bottom 6 cm of stem measured from the soil surface was collected from 9-month-old plants, the bark peeled using a razor, the remaining stem air dried, and the pith removed using a hand drill prior to milling. AIR was prepared from the ground tissue/biomass powder and de-starched prior to analysis as described [33 (link)].

Biswal A.K., Tan L., Atmodjo M.A., DeMartini J., Gelineo-Albersheim I., Hunt K., Black I.M., Mohanty S.S., Ryno D., Wyman C.E, & Mohnen D. (2017). Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10, 182.

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Preparation of Lignocellulosic Biomass Samples

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After removing the bottom part of the shoot as described above, the remainder of the main shoot of each plant (including bark) was coarsely chipped using a compost grinder (Viking GE 150, Viking GmbH, Langkampfen, Austria), and stored in air-tight bags at − 4 °C. Aliquots of approx. 5 g were dried for 6 h at 60 °C. After drying, samples were milled using a Wiley Mini-Mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ, USA) and passed through a 20-mesh sieve. The ground material was stored in antistatic sample bags at room temperature.

Ohlsson J.A., Hallingbäck H.R., Jebrane M., Harman-Ware A.E., Shollenberger T., Decker S.R., Sandgren M, & Rönnberg-Wästljung A.C. (2019). Genetic variation of biomass recalcitrance in a natural Salix viminalis (L.) population. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 12, 135.

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Arabidopsis Cell Wall Characterization

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The used plant genotypes included Arabidopsis wild type (Col-0) and T-DNA insertion mutants, irx9 [Salk_057033; (Pena et al., 2007 (link))], irx10 (Salk_055673; Brown et al., 2005 (link)), irx15 irx15-L (GK_735E12, FLAG_532A08; Brown et al., 2011 (link); Jensen et al., 2011 (link)), and irx15 irx15-LIRX15-L (line 1 in Jensen et al., 2011 (link)). The IRX15-L transgene in the latter line is driven by its own promoter. Seeds were planted in wet peat pellets and cold treated for 48 h at 4°C, then transferred to a growth chamber. Light/dark period was 16/8 h at a light intensity of 150 μE with light/dark temperature set at 23/20°C. Humidity was not controlled. After 3 weeks in the peat, pellet plants and pellets were transferred to individual pots measuring 8 × 8 × 12 cm with SureMix soil (Surefill, http://www.surefill.com/) and 3–4 plants per pot. Stems were harvested postsenesce and lyophilized to moisture content of 5% (g H₂O/g biomass). Samples postmilling were stored in air-tight containers for further use. Particle size reduction for wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using a Wiley Mini-Mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ) with a 30-mesh screen.

Crowe J.D., Hao P., Pattathil S., Pan H., Ding S.Y., Hodge D.B, & Jensen J.K. (2021). Xylan Is Critical for Proper Bundling and Alignment of Cellulose Microfibrils in Plant Secondary Cell Walls. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 737690.

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Spruce Wood Chip Extraction

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Wood chips
from spruces were milled to a size of 40 mesh using a Wiley mini mill
(3383 L70, Thomas Scientific).
The extractions were performed
using an accelerated solvent extractor, ASE 350 (Dionex, Sunnyvale,
CA, USA) instrument, together with 66 mL dionium zirconium extraction
cells (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) using glass fiber filters.

Karlsson M., Romson J., Elder T., Emmer Å, & Lawoko M. (2023). Lignin Structure and Reactivity in the Organosolv Process Studied by NMR Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Density Functional Theory. Biomacromolecules, 24(5), 2314-2326.

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Preparation of Decellularized Urinary Bladder Matrix

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Porcine urinary bladders were harvested from pigs, immediately following euthanasia. The connective tissue excess and the residual urine were removed. By mechanical treatment, the tunica serosa, tunica muscularis externa, tunica submucosa, and majority of the tunica muscularis mucosa were removed; thereafter, urothelial cells of the tunica mucosa were detached from the luminal surface by incubating the tissue in saline solution. The resulting tissue, which was composed of the basement membrane of the urothelial cells plus lamina propria, is termed “urinary bladder matrix,” shortly UBM. The obtained UBM sheets were then treated by a solution containing 0.1% (v/v) peracetic acid (Sigma), 4.0% (v/v) ethanol (Sigma), and 95.9% (v/v) sterile water for 2 h. peracetic acid residues were then removed with washes with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) and sterile water. The decellularized UBM was then lyophilized and milled to obtain a particulate form using a Wiley Mini Mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ, USA).

Angelozzi M., Penolazzi L., Mazzitelli S., Lambertini E., Lolli A., Piva R, & Nastruzzi C. (2017). Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes in Composite Microfibers As Tool for Cartilage Repair. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 5, 35.

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Switchgrass Fractionation and Characterization

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Switchgrass (var. “Forestburg,” upland ecotype) was manually harvested post-anthesis above either the 5th or 6th internode (Fig. 1) from a field at Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI; 42°42′48.80′′N by 84°28′1.41′′W) between 17 and 19 September, 2014. During harvest, intact harvested tillers were dried indoors at room temperature. After harvest was completed, all tillers were dried overnight in a 45 °C oven. Internodes were then manually separated into leaves, leaf sheaths, and stems, while the nodes and panicle were discarded (Fig. 1). Whole fractions were air dried to a moisture content of ~5% (g H₂O/g total), and particle size was reduced using a Wiley Mini-Mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ, USA) to pass a 30-mesh screen. Samples were stored in dry, airtight bags until further use.Fig. 1

Schematic of switchgrass tillers used for this study. Tillers were harvested above either the 5th or 6th internode, and then separated into internodes, discarding the nodes and panicle. Internodes were further manually subdivided into leaves, leaf sheaths, and stems. Diagram is representative and not to scale

Crowe J.D., Feringa N., Pattathil S., Merritt B., Foster C., Dines D., Ong R.G, & Hodge D.B. (2017). Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10, 184.

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Leaf Sample Preparation Workflow

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Upon receipt of samples at the University of Reading, a subset of leaves (50 g) was taken for analysis, frozen at −80 °C, and lyophilized prior to extraction. Tissues were then milled into a fine powder using a Wiley Mini Mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ, USA).

Bell L., Lignou S, & Wagstaff C. (2020). High Glucosinolate Content in Rocket Leaves (Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Eruca sativa) after Multiple Harvests Is Associated with Increased Bitterness, Pungency, and Reduced Consumer Liking. Foods, 9(12), 1799.

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