The learning and memory capacity were assessed using two separate tests (water maze and passive avoidance tests). The water maze test is a widely accepted method for testing memory. The examination was performed using the SMART-CS (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height 35 cm, diameter 100 cm) was filled with water (containing milk) kept at 22-25°C. An escape platform (height 14.5 cm, diameter 4.5 cm) was positioned submerged 0.5-1 cm below the surface of the water. The test was performed three times per day for 7 days. Each trial lasted for 60 s or ended as soon as the mouse reached the submerged platform and was allowed to remain on the platform for 2 s. The mice were allowed to swim until they sought the escape platform. Escape latency, escape distance, swimming speed, and swimming pattern of each mouse were monitored by a camera above the center of the pool connected to a SMART-LD program (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain). A quiet environment, consistent lighting, constant water temperature, and fixed spatial frame were maintained throughout the period of the experiment.
Smart cs
Manufactured by Harvard Apparatus
Sourced in Spain
The SMART-CS is a lab equipment product designed to provide precise control and monitoring of syringe pumps. It offers features for accurate flow rate, volume delivery, and data logging capabilities.
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17 protocols using smart cs
1
Assessment of Memory and Learning in Mice
2
Morris Water Maze Memory Evaluation
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3
Biased Preference Test in Plexiglass Boxes
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The dimensions of the plexiglass CPP boxes measured 30×15×30 cm–width (w), length (l), and height (h), respectively–and the insertion of a removable clipboard divided the boxes into two equal-sized compartments (15×15×30 cm). One compartment had black and white striped walls and a black grid floor (chamber A), and the other compartment had black walls and a smooth floor (chamber B). In our experimental condition, the mice showed a significant spontaneous preference for chamber A, and we therefore used a biased method, whereby chamber B served as the MAP-paired compartment. The entire experimental process was documented using a video tracking system (Smart-CS, Panlab, Spain).
4
Spatial Memory Assessment Using the Water Maze
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The water maze test is also a widely accepted method for memory test, and we performed this test as described by Morris (1984 (link)). Maze testing was performed by the SMART-CS (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height: 35 cm, diameter: 100 cm) was filled with non-toxic black ink water kept at 22–25 °C. An escape platform (height: 14.5 cm, diameter: 4.5 cm) was submerged 0.5–1 cm below the surface of the water in position. The test performed three times a day for 5 days during the acquisition phase (Days 1–5), with three randomized starting points. The position of the escape platform was kept constant. Each trial lasted for 60 s or ended as soon as the mice reached the submerged platform. Swimming pattern of each mouse was monitored and recorded by a camera mounted above the center of the pool, and the escape latency, escape distance and swimming speed were assessed by the SMART-LD program (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain). A quiet environment, constant water temperature was maintained throughout the experimental period. The water maze test was used in 10 mice per group.
5
Cognitive Assessment via Water Maze Test
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The water maze test is a widely accepted method for examining cognitive function and was performed according to Morris (1984 (link)). The maze test was performed using the SMART-CS (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height: 35 cm, diameter: 100 cm) was filled with squid ink water kept at 22–25°C. An escape platform (height: 14.5 cm, diameter: 4.5 cm) was submerged 1–1.5 cm below the surface of the water in position. The test was performed two times a day for 6 days during the acquisition phase, with two starting points of rotational starts. The position of the escape platform was kept constant. Each trial lasted for 60 s or ended as soon as the mouse reached the submerged platform. Escape latency and escape distance of each mouse were monitored by a camera above the center of the pool connected to a SMART-LD program (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain). A quiet environment, consistent lighting, constant water temperature and a fixed spatial frame were maintained throughout the experimental period.
6
Memory and Passive Avoidance Behavior
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Memory test was performed by the Morris’s water maze test as described elsewhere with SMART-CS (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) program and equipment [44 (link)]. The platform was removed from the pool which was used in the water maze test, and the mice were allowed to swim freely. The swimming pattern of each mouse was monitored and recorded for 60 s using the SMART-LD program (Panlab). Retained spatial memory was estimated by the time spent in the target quadrant area. The passive avoidance response was determined using a “step-through” apparatus (Med Associates, Georgia, VT, USA). All three behavior test were done as described elsewhere [44 (link)].
7
Spatial Learning and Memory Assessment
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The water maze test is a widely accepted method for examining cognitive function and we performed this test as described by Morris et al. [58 (link)]. Maze testing was fulfilled by the SMART-CS (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height: 35 cm, diameter: 100 cm) was filled with squid ink water kept at 22–25 °C. An escape platform (height: 14.5 cm, diameter: 4.5 cm) was submerged 1–1.5 cm below the surface of the water in position. The test was performed two times a day for 6 days during the acquisition phase, with two starting points of rotational starts. The position of the escape platform was kept constant. Each trial lasted for 60 s or ended as soon as the mouse reached the submerged platform. Escape latency and escape distance of each mouse were monitored by a camera above the centre of the pool connected to a SMART-LD program (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain). A quiet environment, consistent lighting, constant water temperature and a fixed spatial frame were maintained throughout the experimental period.
8
Water Maze Test for Memory Assessment
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The water maze test is also a commonly accepted method for memory test, and we performed this test as described by Morris et al. [27 (link)]. Maze testing was fulfilled by the SMART-CS (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height; 35 cm, diameter; 100 cm) was filled with squid-ink water kept at 22–25 °C. An escape platform (height; 14.5 cm, diameter; 4.5 cm) was submerged 1–1.5 cm below the surface of the water in position. On training trials, the mice were placed in a pool of water and allowed to remain on the platform for 10 s and were then returned to the cage. The mice that did not find the platform within 120 s were placed on the platform for 3 s at the end of the trial. Then mice stay on the platform for seven more seconds. These trials were performed on a single platform and in three starting positions of rotational starting. Escape latency, escape distance, swimming speed, and swimming pattern of each mouse was monitored by a camera above the center of the pool connected to a SMART-LD program (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain).
9
Morris Water Maze Memory Test
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The water maze test is a commonly accepted method for memory test, and we performed this test as described by Morris
38 (link) Maze testing was carried out by the SMART‐CS (Panlab) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height: 35 cm, diameter: 100 cm) was filled with water made opaque with skim milk kept at 22–25°C. An escape platform (height: 14.5 cm, diameter: 4.5 cm) was submerged 1–1.5 cm below the surface of the water in position. Testing trials were performed on a single platform and at two rotational starting positions. After testing trial, the mice were allowed to remain on the platform for 120 s and were then returned to their cage. Escape latency and escape distance of each mouse were monitored by a camera above the center of the pool connected to a SMART‐LD program (Panlab).
38 (link) Maze testing was carried out by the SMART‐CS (Panlab) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height: 35 cm, diameter: 100 cm) was filled with water made opaque with skim milk kept at 22–25°C. An escape platform (height: 14.5 cm, diameter: 4.5 cm) was submerged 1–1.5 cm below the surface of the water in position. Testing trials were performed on a single platform and at two rotational starting positions. After testing trial, the mice were allowed to remain on the platform for 120 s and were then returned to their cage. Escape latency and escape distance of each mouse were monitored by a camera above the center of the pool connected to a SMART‐LD program (Panlab).
10
Water Maze Test for Memory Assessment
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The water maze test is a commonly accepted method for memory test, and we performed this test as described by Morris et al. [32 (link)]. Maze testing was carried out by the SMART-CS (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) program and equipment. A circular plastic pool (height: 35 cm, diameter: 100 cm) was filled with water made opaque with skim milk kept at 22–25 °C. An escape platform (height: 14.5 cm, diameter: 4.5 cm) was submerged 1–1.5 cm below the surface of the water in position. Testing trials were performed on a single platform and at two rotational starting positions. After testing trial, the mice were allowed to remain on the platform for 120 s and were then returned to their cage. Escape latency and escape distance of each mouse was monitored by a camera above the center of the pool connected to a SMART-LD program (Panlab, Barcelona, Spain).
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