Cells and culture conditions. The human CML cell line K562 was obtained from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan). K562/IR cells were obtained from our laboratory. These cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), 2 mM L-glutamine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 25 mM HEPES (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 100 µg/ml penicillin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), and 100 U/ml streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37˚C in 5% CO 2 .
Trypan blue exclusion assay. CML cells were plated in 96-well plates at a concentration of 2x10 4 cells/ml. Then, AT9283 (10, 30, 50, and 100 nM) or AMG900 (10, 50, 100, 300, and 500 nM) were added to the well. After 3 days, CML cells were stained with trypan blue and the number of stained cells was counted at a magnification of x100 using an Olympus CK2 inverted microscope (Olympus Optical Co.).