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6 protocols using 3 chlorophenol

1

Analytical Techniques for Food Components

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For capillary electrophoresis (CE), the basic anion buffer (Part No.: 5064-8209) used for sugar and organic acid analysis was purchased from Agilent (Santa Clara, CA). Glucose, fructose, and citric acid were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co. Ltd. and sucrose and malic acid from Fluka (Poole, UK). For solid-phase extraction (SPE), HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from Merck Ltd. (Poole, UK) and methyl acetate, sodium sulphate and HPLC grade water from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). 3-Chlorophenol and the alkane standard C7–C30 (1000 μg/ml) in hexane were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co. Ltd. (Gillingham, UK). For dynamic headspace extraction (DHE), compounds used as standards were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich Co. Ltd. 1,2-dichlorobenzene in methanol (130.6 μg/ml) and the alkane standards C6–C25 (100 μg/ml) in diethyl ether. The EZ-Faast amino acid analysis kit (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA) was used for the analysis of amino acids by GC–MS. Norvaline was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich Co. Ltd.
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2

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Pollutant Remediation

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The TiO2, ZnO and RuO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using analytical grade titanium(iv) butoxide (Ti(OCH2CH2CH2CH3)4), acetoxyzinc dihydrate (Zn(Ac)2·2H2O), and ruthenium trichloride trihydrate (RuCl3·3H2O) respectively, and these chemicals were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Germany). To accomplish this study, the environmental toxins such as 1,4-dioxane, 3-chlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), chlorobenzene (CBZ), p-nitrophenol (p-NP), 4-nitrophenyl hydrazine (4-NPHyd), phenylhydrazine (PHyd), m-xylene, zimataldehyde, and pyridine were procured from Sigma-Aldrich and used as purchased. Besides this, Nafion (5% suspension in ethanol), and mono- and disodium phosphate were similarly acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Germany).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium-based Nanostructures

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Cadmium oxide (Aldrich, 99.99%), sulphur (99.9% powder, Anachemia Chemicals Ltd.), selenium (Aldrich), tributylphosphine oxide (Aldrich), octadecylamine (Aldrich, ODA), zinc oxide (Alfa Aesar), ODE (1-octadecene, Aldrich, 90%), oleic acid (Aldrich), tri-n-octylphosphine (Aldrich), tributylphosphine (Aldrich, TBP), stearic acid (Aldrich, SA) and oleic acid (Aldrich, OA). To complete this research, the toxic chemicals such as 3,4-diaminotoluene, 3-chlorophenol, 3-methoxyphenol, 4-aminophenol, 4-nitrophenyhydrazine, acetonitrile, benzylchloride, chlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol and toluene were obtained from the sigma Aldrich supplier and used directly without any refinement. To execute the electrochemical investigation, a Keithly Electrometer was used to analyze into electrochemical cell by electrochemical investigation.
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4

Chlorophenol Determination Protocol

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Pentachlorophenol (≥98% purity), standard solution containing 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (TeCP), 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP), 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) (≥99.9% HPLC purity), and Na2MoO4 (99.0%, AR) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). NaNO3 (99.0%, AR) and Na2SO4 (99.0%, AR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO/MnO2/Gd2O3 Nanostructures

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In this research work, the required chemicals were used as received without further purification. The inorganic salts of transition metals such as copper(II) chloride (CuCl2), manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2), gadolinium(III) chloride, and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were purchased from well-known Sigma-Aldrich, which was deployed to prepare ternary CuO/MnO2/Gd2O3 NSs. As a part of these studies, the analytical grade chemicals 2,4-DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol), 3,4-DAT (3,4-diaminotoluene), pyridine, BH (benzaldehyde), 3-chlorophenol, THF (tetrahydrofuran), methanol, 3-MPHyd (3-methoxyphenylhydrazine), AH (ammonium-hydroxide), coating agent nafion (in 5% ethanol), NaH2PO4, and Na2HPO4 were also bought from the Sigma-Aldrich and deployed as-received. For the details characterization of synthesized CuO/MnO2/Gd2O3 NSs, conventional XRD, XPS, FTIR, UV/Vis and FESEM were implemented to evaluate the structural, crystalline, functional, optical, morphological and elemental analyses. The reliable current versus potential (electrochemical method) was used to determine 3-MPHyd with active CuO/MnO2/Gd2O3 NSs material by using Keithley electrometer (6517A, USA) at room conditions.
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6

Electrochemical Sensor Development Protocols

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Bisphenol A (≥99%), natural
graphite flakes, sulfuric acid (99.98%), trisodium citrate (AR), 4-nitrophenol
(98%), phenol (99%), 4-phenylphenol (97%), 3-chlorophenol (98%), and
potassium chloride (≥99%) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
(South Africa) and were used as received. Nitric acid (≥55%)
was obtained from Honeywell Fluka (South Africa). Silver nitrate (99%)
was obtained from ACE Chemicals (South Africa). Sodium borohydride
(AR) was purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (India).
Phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, 10 mM) of different pH values were
prepared with 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (AR, Sigma-Aldrich)
and 10 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate (AR, Sigma-Aldrich), and their
pH values were adjusted using sodium hydroxide (AR, Sigma-Aldrich)
and hydrochloric acid (32%, Sigma-Aldrich). All the solutions were
prepared using ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ.cm at 22 °C).
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