α1 catenin

The following antibodies were used: N-cadherin (clone GC4, Sigma-Aldrich C3865, 1:100 dilution), FSP1 (Abcam ab58597, 1:100 dilution), PDGFRα (R&D Systems AF1062, 1:50 dilution), Collagen I (Rockland 600–401–103–0.1, 1:150 dilution), Collagen III (Abcam ab7778, 1:150 dilution), Fibronectin (Abcam ab23750, 1:200 dilution), α-SMA (Abcam ab5694, 1:100 dilution), CD31 (Novus Biologicals NB100-2284, 1:500 dilution), EpCAM (Abcam ab92382, 1:500 dilution), Lyve-1 (Abcam ab14917, 1:500 dilution), Myf-5 (clone C-20, Santa Cruz sc-302, 1:500 dilution), CD45 (clone IBL-3/16, Abcam ab23910, 1:500 dilution), FABP4 (clone EPR3579, Abcam ab92501, 1:500 dilution), F4/80 (Abcam ab90247, 1:500 dilution), Cytokeratin 14 (clone EPR17350, Abcam ab181595, 1:200 dilution), Integrin α_v (clone EPR16800, Abcam ab179475, 1:500 dilution), α1-catenin (clone EP1793Y, Abcam ab51032, 1:500 dilution), decorin (Abcam ab175404, 1:500 dilution), DLK-1 (Abcam ab21682, 1:200 dilution) and Ki67 (clone SP6, Abcam ab16667, 1:500 dilution). Fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (1:500 dilution). Exherin (ADH-1) was from TargetMol (T2637).

For immunoblotting, cells were lysed in RIPA buffer, followed by centrifugation, and subjected to SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. The membranes were immunoblotted with various primary antibodies [DAL-1 (Abnove, Taiwan), α-1-catenin (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), β-catenin (Abcam), N-cadherin (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA, USA), vimentin (BD Biosciences) and β-actin (Zhongshan Biotech Co., Beijing, China)], followed by the corresponding fluorescent-conjugated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibodies (Rockland Immunochemicals Inc., Gilbertsville, PA, USA). The fluorescence signals were visualized using an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (Li-COR, USA). For immunofluorescence, cells were seeded onto coverslips in six-well plates, and then were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The coverslips were coated with primary antibodies against DAL-1 and β-catenin, followed by incubation with the anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibodies respectively, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Images were obtained using a Leica DM5000B microscope (Leica Microsystems, Solms, Germany).