Sic paper

Manufactured by Buehler

Sourced in United States, Germany

SiC paper is a type of abrasive paper made with silicon carbide (SiC) grains. It is used for sanding, grinding, and polishing various materials.

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Lab products found in correlation

Inspect 50, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Diamond paste, by Buehler (2 mentions) Miniscope tm3000, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Quanta feg 250, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Rint ultima 3, by Rigaku (1 mentions) Quanta feg, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Jsm 7900f, by JEOL (1 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions) Epoxicure, by Buehler (1 mentions) M 400, by Leco (1 mentions) Vega 3 sb, by Tescan Orsay Holding (1 mentions) Tenupol 5, by Struers (1 mentions) Ch3cooh, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ethanol solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Milli q system, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ch3coona, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Leica dmlp, by Leica Microsystems (1 mentions) Isomet, by Buehler (1 mentions)

16 protocols using sic paper

Magnesium Alloy Surface Coatings

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AZ31 disks of 15 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness were cut from extruded rods (Osaka Fuji Co., Amagasaki, Japan). The composition of the AZ31 rod is shown in Table 1. The surface of disks was ground with SiC papers (Buehler, IL, USA) up to #1200 and rinsed ultrasonically in acetone. Mechanically ground AZ31 disks were named Mpol-AZ31.
Coating treatment solutions were prepared with 500 mmol l⁻¹ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) calcium disodium salt hydrate (C₁₀H₁₂CaN₂Na₂O₈, Ca-EDTA) solution, 500 mmol l⁻¹ potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH₂PO₄) solution, and 1 mol l⁻¹ sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The same volumes of the Ca-EDTA and KH₂PO₄ solutions were mixed and the pH was adjusted to 6.1 or 8.9 with the NaOH solution. Mpol-AZ31 disks were immersed in the treatment solutions at 90°C for 2 h. The pH of the solutions did not change after the treatment. OCP and HAp coatings were formed at pH 6.1 and 8.9, respectively. OCP- and HAp-coated AZ31 specimens were named OCP- and HAp-AZ31, respectively. The crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (RINT Ultima III, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan). The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the coatings was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM; FEI Quanta FEG250, OR, USA and Miniscope TM3000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Cross-section specimens were prepared by scraping off the OCP and HAp coatings with a cutter.

Hiromoto S, & Yamazaki T. (2017). Micromorphological effect of calcium phosphate coating on compatibility of magnesium alloy with osteoblast. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 18(1), 96-109.

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Silver Nanoleakage Assessment of Resin-Dentin Interface

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Two resin-dentin sticks from each subgroup were assessed for silver nanoleakage according to the protocol of Tay et al. (2002) [25 (link)], using a 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. Briefly, specimens were immersed in tracer silver solution for 24 h in darkness, rinsed with distilled water and immersed in photodeveloping solution for 8 h under fluorescent light. They were then embedded in epoxy resin and polished with SiC papers up to 4000-grit and 1-µm diamond paste (Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) in polishing cloths. The specimens were cleaned for 5 min in an ultrasonic bath after each polishing step and dehydrated for 24 h in a silica gel incubator at 37 °C. They were gold-sputter coated and analyzed using field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (Quanta FEG, FEI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) in backscattered electron mode.

de Paula D.M., Lomonaco D., Parente da Ponte A.M., Cordeiro K.E., Magalhães Moreira M., Giovarruscio M., Sauro S, & Pinheiro Feitosa V. (2022). Collagen Cross-Linking Lignin Improves the Bonding Performance of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives to Dentin. Materials, 15(9), 3218.

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Nanoleakage Assessment of Resin-Dentin Interface

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Two central sticks were selected from each teeth of each subgroup (n = 10) and processed for nanoleakage assessment as previously described (Feitosa et al., 2012b) . In brief, bonded sticks were immersed in 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]NO 3 (aq) solution in total darkness for 24 h. Subsequently, the specimens were rinsed in H 2 O to remove the excess silver nitrate and then immersed in a photo-developing solution for 8 h under fluorescent light (60 cm from the specimens) to reduce silver ions into metallic silver grains along the resin-dentin interface. The silver-impregnated sticks were embedded in epoxy resin and wet-polished using #600, #1200, #2000 SiC papers and diamond pastes (Buehler) 3, 1, and 0.25 µm. The specimens were ultrasonically cleaned for 20 min after each abrasive/polishing step. Finally, they were air-dried, dehydrated for 48 h, coated with carbon and observed using a SEM (Inspect 50; FEI, Amsterdam, Netherlands) in backscattered electron mode for proper evaluation of silver impregnation along the interfaces.

Araújo-Neto V.G., Nobre C.F.A., De Paula D.M., Souza L.C., Silva J.C., Moreira M.M., Picanço P.R.B, & Feitosa V.P. (2018). Glycerol-dimethacrylate as alternative hydrophilic monomer for HEMA replacement in simplified adhesives. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 82.

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Silver Impregnation for Nanoscale Imaging

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Two resin-dentin sticks were selected from each bonded tooth and storage condition during the cutting procedure. These sticks were immersed in 50wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate (AgNO 3 (aq)) solution in complete darkness for 24h (16) . Subsequently, the specimens were rinsed with distilled water to remove the excess of silver nitrate and immersed in photo-developing solution for 8h under light to reduce silver ions into metallic silver grains. The silverimpregnated sticks were embedded in epoxy resin and polished using 600-, 1200-, 2000-grit SiC papers and diamond pastes (Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) with 1 and 0.25 µm particle sizes, and ultrasonically cleaned of 15min after each abrasive/polishing step. Specimens were finally air-dried, dehydrated overnight in silica gel under vacuum, coated with carbon and analyzed using SEM (Inspect 50, FEI, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and observed in backscattered electron mode at 20 kV.

Zenobi W., Feitosa V.P., Moura M.E.M., D'arcangelo C., Rodrigues L.K.A, & Sauro S. (2018). The effect of zoledronate-containing primer on dentin bonding of a universal adhesive. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 77.

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Nanoleakage Assessment of Resin-Dentin Sticks

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Two resin-dentin sticks from each subgroup were used for the nanoleakage assessment. The specimens were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution, blocked from light for 24 h, and then washed with distilled water [19 (link)]. The specimens were then immersed in a photo-developing solution under fluorescent light for 8 h. After embedding in epoxy resin, they were polished using 4000-grit SiC paper (Buehler, Coventry, UK). After dehydration and drying, the specimens were inspected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; JSM-7900F, JEOL, Peabody, MA, USA).

Paik Y., Kim J.H., Yoo K.H., Yoon S.Y, & Kim Y.I. (2022). Dentin Biomodification with Flavonoids and Calcium Phosphate Ion Clusters to Improve Dentin Bonding Stability. Materials, 15(4), 1494.

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Titanium Surface Modification and EV Immobilization

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Titanium (Ti) discs were prepared using a three step process comprising: (i) polishing, (ii) alkaline treatment, and (iii) plasma activation. In brief, machined titanium grade 4 Ti discs with 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were polished using SiC paper (Buehler, Germany) with grid size: #600, #800, and #1200. After polishing, samples were washed sequentially in acetone (30 min), propanol (30 min), and then ultrapure water (30 min) using an ultrasonic cleaner and then dried in an oven at 40 °C [26 (link)]. Following cleaning and drying, Ti samples were treated in 5 M NaOH solution (NaOH, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) at 60 °C under agitation (120 cycles per minute) for 24 h. After NaOH treatment, samples were sonicated in ultrapure water for 10 min to produce a layer of nanostructured sodium hydrogen titanate, approximately 1 μm thick [26 (link),27 (link)]. Following this treatment, Ti discs were plasma cleaned using RF plasma (Plasma Cleaner PC-150, Harrick Plasma, Ithaca, NY USA) for 5 min. Nanostructuring and plasma treatment (surface activation) were done to facilitate the attachment of EVs to the surface.
To immobilize EVs on the surfaces, 20 μL of EV solution at a concentration of 100 EVs per cell, 1000 EVs per cell, and 10,000 EVs per cell were applied to each sample and maintained in a desiccator to dry and then used for further experiments.

Pansani T.N., Phan T.H., Lei Q., Kondyurin A., Kalionis B, & Chrzanowski W. (2021). Extracellular Vesicle-Based Coatings Enhance Bioactivity of Titanium Implants—SurfEV. Nanomaterials, 11(6), 1445.

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Knoop Microhardness Evaluation of Adhesive Specimens

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Five disk-shaped (6.2 × 1.0 mm, n=5/group) adhesive specimens were prepared by light-curing (20 s/side) for Knoop microhardness analyses. The specimens were then mounted in self-cure epoxy resin (EpoxiCure^®, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) and finished with 1200-grit SiC paper (Buehler). The specimens were subjected to a microhardness test (M-400, LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, MI, USA) using a Knoop diamond indenter at a 50 gf load and 15 s dwell time [13 (link)]. Five readings at different locations were taken from each specimen. The long diagonal length was measured immediately and converted to a KHN number (kg/mm²). The adhesive specimens used for the assays described below were fabricated following this protocol.

Palasuk J., Windsor L.J., Platt J.A., Lvov Y., Geraldeli S, & Bottino M.C. (2017). Doxycycline-loaded nanotube-modified adhesives inhibit MMP in a dose-dependent fashion. Clinical oral investigations, 22(3), 1243-1252.

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Laccase Production and Electrode Functionalization

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Laccase was produced from Trametes versicolor (ATCC 32745) as previously described [33] . Purified laccase (around 900 UmL -1 and 3 mg total protein mL -1 ) was stored at -20 °C in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.8, where the stability of the enzyme is maximal in presence of glycerol (15% v/v final).
2.3. Electrochemical functionalization of the carbon electrode 2.3.1.Electrodes materials 7 mm diameter spectrographic Carbon-Graphite rods (Mersen, France) were used. Prior to surface modification the carbon electrodes were polished with SiC paper (Buehler, Germany) with grit sizes 80, cleaned with Milli-Q water and dried by filtered compressed air. The roughness (Ra) of the resulting carbon surface was approximately 2500 (±300) nm. The geometric area of the carbon surface in contact with the electrolyte was 0.38 cm 2 .

Zheng M., Griveau S., Dupont-Gillain C., Genet M.J, & Jolivalt C. (2015). Oxidation of laccase for improved cathode biofuel cell performances. Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 106(Pt A).

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Dentin Biomodification and Adhesive Bonding

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Extracted sound human molar teeth were used following protocol approval by the University of Illinois at Chicago Institutional Review Board Committee (#2009-0198). The occlusal surface of 56 teeth were ground flat using #180, 320 and 600 grit SiC paper (Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) to expose the superficial dentin. Teeth were randomly divided into the various experimental groups according to the dentin matrix biomodification strategy and adhesive system.

Leme A.A., Vidal C.M., Hassan L.S, & Bedran-Russo A.K. (2015). Potential role of surface wettability on the long-term stability of dentin bonds after surface biomodification. Journal of biomechanics, 48(10), 2067-2071.

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Nanolayering Analysis of Resin-Dentin Interfaces

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The selected bonded sticks were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution in darkness for 24 h, rinsed thoroughly in distilled water, and immersed in photo-developing solution for 8 h under a fluorescent light to reduce silver ions into metallic silver grains within voids along the bonded interface (Tay et al., 2002) . Sticks were polished with a wet 600-, 1000-, 1200-, 1500-, 2000-and 2500-grit SiC paper and 1 and 0.25 µm diamond paste (Buehler, Lake Bluff, USA) using a polishing cloth. The specimens were then ultrasonically cleaned, air dried, mounted on stubs, and coated with carbon (MED 010, Balzers Union, Balzers, Liechtenstein). The resin-dentin interfaces were analyzed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope operated in the backscattered mode (VEGA3 SB, TESCAN ORSAY HOLDING, Warrendale, PA, USA).
Three images were captured from each resin-dentin bonded stick. The relative percentage of NL within the adhesive and hybrid layers in each specimen was measured in all images using the public domain Image J software, a Java-based image processing software package developed at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Schneider et al. , 2012) by a blinded researcher (Reis et al., 2007) . The mean NL of all sticks from the same tooth was averaged for statistical purposes.

Cardenas A.F.M., Siqueira F.S.F., Bandeca M.C., Costa S.O., Lemos M.V.S., Feitora V.P., Reis A., Reis A., Loguercio A.D, & Gomes J.C. (2018). Impact of pH and application time of meta-phosphoric acid on resin-enamel and resin-dentin bonding. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 78.

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