4 cqa

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

4-CQA is a laboratory reagent used in various chemical and biochemical applications. It is a crystalline solid compound with a molecular formula of C16H18O9. 4-CQA functions as a reference standard and is commonly used in analytical procedures, such as chromatography and spectroscopy, to identify and quantify the presence of specific compounds in samples.

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4 protocols using 4 cqa

Analytical Characterization of Chlorogenic Acids

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The analytical standard 5-CQA (CAS Number: 327-97-9) was provided by Carl Roth GmBH (purity: >97%, Karlsruhe, Germany). 3-CQA (CAS Number: 906-33-2, purity > 95%), 4-CQA (CAS Number: 905-99-7, >95%), caffeine (CAS Number: 58-05-2, purity > 99%), glacial acetic acid, and potassium phosphate monobasic were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3-FQA (CAS Number: 1899-29-2, purity 98%) was supplied by Chem Faces (Hubei, China). 3,4-DiCQA (CAS Number: 14534-61-3, purity > 95.0%), 3,5-diCQA (CAS Number: 2450-53-5, purity > 95%), and 4,5-diCQA (CAS Number: 32451-88-0, purity > 95%) were obtained from Biopurity Phytochemicals (Sichuan, China). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were provided by J.T. Baker (Griesheim, Germany). A Barnstead Nanopure Diamond (Dubuque, IA, USA) was used to make refined deionized water.

Jeon J.S., Kim H.T., Jeong I.H., Hong S.R., Oh M.S., Yoon M.H., Shim J.H., Jeong J.H, & Abd El-Aty A.M. (2019). Contents of chlorogenic acids and caffeine in various coffee-related products. Journal of Advanced Research, 17, 85-94.

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Quantification of Caffeine and Polyphenols

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Ultra-high purity water was obtained by filtration using a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). LC-MS quality acetonitrile, formic acid (FA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), while caffeine (99%), 3-CQA (>99%), 4-CQA (>99%), 5-CQA (>99%) and mangiferin (>99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).

Montis A., Souard F., Delporte C., Stoffelen P., Stévigny C, & Van Antwerpen P. (2022). Targeted and Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics for Chemical Profiling of Three Coffee Species. Molecules, 27(10), 3152.

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Polyphenols Extraction and Characterization

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Polyphenol standards (purity > 98%) were purchased as follows: 4-CQA, 3,4-diCQA, p-coumaric acid, quinic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). The reagents used in simulated GiD, including α-amylase from human saliva, protease from Streptomyces griseus (Pronase), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, bile salts, Viscozyme L, pancreatin from porcine pancreas, potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂(H₂O)₆), ammonium carbonate (NaHCO₃)₂), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂(H₂O)₂), were provided from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). The standards used in antioxidant assays, including 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolio chloride (TPTZ), Trolox, 2’2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈), and ferric chloride (FeCl₃), were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
Formic acid (FA), water (H₂O), and methanol (MeOH) were provided from Carlo Erba reagents (Milan, Italy). Deionized H₂O was obtained from a Milli-Q water system (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany).

Castaldo L., Lombardi S., Gaspari A., Rubino M., Izzo L., Narváez A., Ritieni A, & Grosso M. (2021). In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Spent Coffee Grounds-Enriched Cookies. Foods, 10(8), 1837.

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Quantification of Caffeoylquinic Acids in Juices

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Standards of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid; 5-CQA), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (cryptochlorogenic acid; 4-CQA) and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (neochlorogenic acid; 3-CQA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd. (Oakville, ON, Canada). All standards were at least 95% in purity. HPLC grade methanol was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, ON, Canada). The water used throughout this study was from a Millipore Milli-Q water system (Millipore Corp., Milford, MA, USA). Commercial apple and pear juice concentrates were from China and the United States, respectively.
Stock solutions of the caffeoylquinic acids at a concentration of 1.0 mM were prepared by dissolving the standards in 50% (v:v) aqueous methanol. The standards were then syringe filtered (nylon, 0.2 μm pore size, 13 mm diameter; Chromatographic Specialties, Brockville, ON, Canada) and stored at -20°C until use.

Willems J.L., Khamis M.M., Mohammed Saeid W., Purves R.W., Katselis G., Low N.H, & El-Aneed A. (2016). Analysis of a series of chlorogenic acid isomers using differential ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica chimica acta, 933.

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