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Proteostat aggresome dye

Manufactured by Enzo Life Sciences

The ProteoStat® aggresome dye is a fluorescent probe designed to detect and quantify the presence of protein aggregates, also known as aggresomes, within cells. The dye selectively binds to misfolded or aggregated proteins, allowing for the visualization and analysis of these cellular structures.

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4 protocols using proteostat aggresome dye

1

Imaging Drosophila Larval Eye Discs

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Wandering third instar larvae were collected and eye imaginal discs dissected. For clone induction, larvae were given a heat shock at 37°C 48h or 72h before dissection. For pupal dissections, white prepupae (0hr) were collected and maintained at 25°C for 40h. Dissections were performed in chilled PBS, samples were fixed for 30min in formaldehyde (4% v/v in PBS) and permeabilized with PBT 0,4%Triton.
The primary antibodies and fluorescent reagents used in this study are listed in the Key Resources Table. TUNEL staining (Roche) was performed according to the supplier’s protocol and modified as previously (Lolo et al., 2012 (link)). For detection of protein inclusions, brains were fixed and permeabilized as described above and incubated for 1h30min with the proteostat aggresome dye (Enzo Life Sciences) before mounting. For the necrosis assay, brains were dissected in PBS 1X and incubated for 30min at room temperature with 10 μg/ml propidium iodide (PI) (Sigma-Aldrich) in Schneider medium, following by washing and standard fixation ((Liu et al., 2014 (link), Yang et al., 2013 (link))). Samples were mounted in Vectashield (Vectorlab) and imaged on a Leica confocal SP5 or a Zeiss LSM 880 using a 20X dry objective or a 40X oil objective.
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2

Detecting Protein Aggregation in Cells

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ProteoStat Aggresome dye (Enzo Life Sciences, PA) was used to detect misfolded and aggregated proteins in cells (Shen et al., 2011 (link)). Cells were grown on multi-chamber glass bottom slides and treated with vehicle or patulin. After 24 h, cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min at room temperature and permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in 1 × assay buffer for 30 min on ice. Cells were washed with 1 × assay buffer for two times and stained for 30 min at room temperature with ProteoStat Aggresome dye. Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Biotium) for 5 min. Stained cells were examined with a Nikon epifluorescent microscope using a Texas Red filter set for the ProteoStat dye, and UV for blue fluorescence for DAPI, respectively. Images were acquired using a 63 × objective lens with a Spot RT3 digital camera and Adobe Photoshop CS was used to layer the captured images. Fluorescence intensity per cell was quantified using NIH ImageJ analysis software to obtain mean corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF) of 8–10 readings/area per high power field, and CTCF was calculated as: Integrated density– (Area of selected cell x mean background fluorescence).
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3

Aggresome Detection Protocol

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Aggresomes were analyzed with ProteoStat® aggresome dye (Enzo Life Sciences) according to the manufacture’s instruction. See the Supplemental Information for details.
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4

Detecting Protein Aggregation in Cells

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Cells were fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and permeabilized by 0.5% Triton X-100. After washing with PBS, cells were incubated with ProteoStat® aggresome dye (Enzo Life Sciences) or 10 mM ThT in PBS at room temperature (RT; 25 °C) for 30 min21 (link),46 (link). Fluorescence was measured by a BD Accuri™ C6 flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analyzed by FlowJo software.
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