Lamivudine

NVR 3-778 was synthesized by WuXi AppTec (Wuhan, China). Lamivudine, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and entecavir were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada).

Cells were washed with Mg²⁺-free isotonic solution then preincubated with antagonists for 15 min at 37 °C. Solution was replaced with one containing isotonic control solution or BzATP ± antagonist. Cells were incubated for 30 min at 37 °C, after which supernatant was collected. IL-6 levels were determined with using a Quantikine ELISA kit as described above. Antagonists used were P2X7 antagonists A438079, AZ10606120, A839977, P2X1 antagonist NF 279, P2Y1 antagonist MRS2176, and lamivudine (3TC). All antagonists were purchased from Tocris/Biochine Corp. (Minneapolis, MN, USA) except for lamivudine (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada).

[¹⁴C]Tetraethylammonium (specific activity = 55 mCi/mmol) and [³H]efavirenz (specific activity = 5 Ci/mmol) were purchased from American Radiolabelled Chemicals (Missouri, USA). Lopinavir was a gift from Abbott (Illinois, USA). Raltegravir sodium salt was a gift from Merck (New Jersey, USA). Etravirine was a gift from Janssen (Buckinghamshire, UK). [¹⁴C]Darunavir (specific activity = 39.19 mCi/mmol), non-radiolabelled darunavir and non-radiolabelled rilpivirine were gifts from Tibotec (Mechelen Belgium). Atazanavir was a gift from Bristol-Myers Squibb (New York, USA). Nevirapine was a gift from Boehringer Ingelheim (Berkshire, UK). Ritonavir was a gift from Abbott (Illinois, USA). Tenofovir, efavirenz and lamivudine were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). Amprenavir was a gift from GlaxoSmithKline (Middlesex, UK). Ultima Gold scintillation fluid was purchased from Perkin Elmer (Boston, USA). All other drugs and reagents were obtained from Sigma (Poole, UK).