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3 protocols using cobalt dichloride

1

PDGFR-β Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM; #12800-017) was purchased from Gibco (Rockville, MD, USA). Hyclone™ Antibiotic Antimycotic solution (#SV30079.01) and fetal bovine serum (FBS; FetalClone III™, #SH30109.03) were procured from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Chicago, IL, USA). Primary antibodies against phospho-AKT (#GTX50128), PDGFR-β (#GTX61115), phospho-PDGFR-β (#GTX61797), and HIF-1α (#GTX127309), as well as horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies against mouse (#GTX213112-01) and rabbit (#GTX213110-01) immunoglobulin G (IgG) were purchased from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA). Antibodies detecting β-actin (#66009-1-Ig), phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2; #05-797R), and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; #ab109268) were respectively obtained from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA), Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA), and Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Recombinant human PDGF-BB (#100-14B) and AG-1295 (#14529), a PDGFR-β inhibitor, were respectively bought from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) and Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Cobalt dichloride (#C8661) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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2

Doxycycline-Induced Protein Analysis

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Doxycycline (DOX; Sangon Biotech) was prepared in PBS at a stock concentration of 10 mg/ml. Cells were incubated with 1 μg/ml DOX for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, and then, the samples were collected for western blot (WB). To exclude the potential effects of DOX on cytotoxicity, DOX was used at the same concentration to treat parental SKOV3 and vector control SKOV3-Vec cells for 48 hours. All cells were harvested for different tests after treatment.
Cells treated with either the ERK inhibitor SCH772984 (2 μM Selleck) or AKT inhibitor GSK2110183 (10 nM; MedChem Express) for 8 hours were also used for western blot (WB). To inhibit the activation of HDAC4, the HDACs inhibitor Quisinostat (100nM, MedChem Express) was applied to cells for 24 hours. DMSO-treated cells were used as controls. Cells were treated with chloroquine (25 μM; Sangon Biotech) for 20 hours to compromise autophagic degradation. The IC50 values for cisplatin were determined with an MTT assay at concentrations ranging from 0.0256 μM-10,000 μM. To mimic a hypoxic environment, 100 μM cobalt dichloride (Sigma) was used to treat cells for 6 hours.
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3

Fluorescent Probes for Cell Viability Assessment

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Zirconium chloride anhydrous (ZrCl 4 ), protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), acetic acid, cobalt dichloride, dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), oxalyl chloride, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethanol, methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2'-aminoterphenyl-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid (TPDC-NH 2 ) was synthesized according to the reported reference. 41 Fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin streptomycin 10,000 U/mL (PS), trypsin, calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM), propidium iodide (PI), and Hoechst 33422 were ordered from Invitrogen. Low viscosity embedding media spur's kit was purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences. Unless otherwise noted, all chemicals were used without further purification.
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