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5 protocols using af3059

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Corneal Inflammation

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Whole eyes were fixed in 10% phosphate buffered formalin, paraffin embedded and sectioned. PASH and GMS staining were performed by the CWRU Visual Science Research Center histology core. For immunohistochemistry, sections were treated with proteinase K (Dako 2015-011, Carpinteria, CA) and blocked in 1.5% serum. Mouse S100A9 polyclonal Ab (2 µg/ml, R&D Systems AF2065, Minneapolis, MN), Mouse S100A8 polyclonal Ab (2 µg/ml R&D Systems AF3059), or Anti-mouse neutrophil antibody NIMP-R14 (20 µg/ml) were used, followed by staining with Alexafluor 488 Chicken anti-goat IgG (1:2000, Life Technologies A2467, Grand Island, NY) or Alexafluor 488 Goat anti-rat IgG (1:250, Life Technologies A11006). Slides were imaged at 200–400X. Neutrophil quantification from histological sections was obtained by measuring % NIMP-R14 positive area/cornea using Metamorph software.
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2

Neutrophil Characterization in Cornea

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Corneas were dissected at 24–48h pi and treated with 1X collagenase for 1–2 h. Cell suspensions were washed in 1X PBS + 5% FBS, incubated with anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (clone 93, eBioscience 16–0161-86, San Diego, CA)(to block Fc receptors) and stained with anti-mouse neutrophil antibody NIMP-R14-PE (abcam ab125259, Cambridge, MA) or isotype for 1h and live/dead fixable far read stain (Thermo Fisher). For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using an intracellular staining kit (eBioscience). Cells were incubated with Mouse S100A9 polyclonal Ab ( R&D Systems AF2065), Mouse S100A8 polyclonal Ab ( R&D Systems AF3059), or isotype for 45 min, washed and incubated with Alexafluor 488 Chicken anti-goat IgG (1:2000, Life Technologies A2467) for 30 min, washed, resuspended in FACS buffer and analyzed in a BD Accuri C6 (San Jose, CA). Analysis was performed using Accuri C6 software. Cells were gated on FSC/SSC, followed by live cells.
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3

Comprehensive Alzheimer's Protein Analysis

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The following primary antibodies were used: anti-Aβ mouse monoclonal antibody 6E10 (MAB5206; Chemicon), anti-mouse S100A9 and S100A8 (AF2065, AF3059; R&D systems), S100B (ab52642;Abcam), GAPDH (Abfrontier), anti-Amyloid Oligomer, Aβ, (AB9234; Millipore),p-Tau (Ser404) (sc-12952;Santa Cruz Biotech.), Phospho-PHF-tau (S202/T205, AT8) (NM1020;Pierce), Anti-PhosphoTau (S396;PHF-13) (ab24716;Abcam), Tau (C-17) (sc-1995;Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Calnexin (H-70) (sc-11397;Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and BACE (M-83) (sc-10748;Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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4

Protein Expression Analysis of Colonic Tissue

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Protein lysates were made from the colonic laminar propria scraping and were quantified using a Pierce BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Proteins (100 μg) were loaded onto 12% Bis-Tris SDS NuPAGE gel (Invitrogen) followed by transfer onto PVDF transfer membrane (88518; Thermo Fisher Scientific). The membrane was then incubated with primary antibodies against F4/80 (ab6640; Abcam), S100A8 (AF3059; R&D Systems), occludin (ab31721; Abcam) or claudin 5 (ab15106; Abcam) overnight, followed by incubation with secondary antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, and developed with Pierce ECL substrate (32106; Thermo Fisher Scientific) using CL-XPosure film (34091; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Actin (69100; MP Biomedicals) was used as a loading control.
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5

Oral Carcinogenesis Induction in Mice

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To induce oral carcinogenesis, 4-NQO (50 μg/ml ad libitum) was added to the water of C57BL/6j wild-type (N = 12) and S100A8/A9null mice (N = 12) for 16 weeks as described [37 (link), 38 (link)]. During weeks 17 to 22, animals received water without 4-NQO. Control mice (n=6 each genotype) received water without 4-NQO during the entire 22-week experiment. All animals were euthanized at 22 weeks. The tongue, maxillary gingiva, palate, and buccal mucosae were harvested for histopathologic examination using H/E staining. Intraoral epithelial dysplastic and/or carcinomatous lesions from 4-NQO-treated wild-type and S100A8/A9null mice (N = 7 in each group) were immunostained for 53BP1 (Abcam, ab36823, 1:200 dil.) and S100A8 (R&D, AF3059, 1:500 dil.) as described [35 (link)]. Staining for S100A8 was used as a surrogate for S100A8/A9. At least 2 microscopic lesions per animal were selected and 20X-magnification photomicrographs per lesion were captured using the Leica DM6 B (Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH) microscope. Quantification of 53BP1 positive nuclei and statistical analysis were performed as above.
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