drugs, H9C2 cells and RBMEC were collected separately and then washed
twice with PBS before being lysed using a RIPA buffer. Total protein
was separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto a PVDF membrane. After
the transfer of proteins, a blocking step was carried out using a
1× TBST solution fortified with nonfat milk powder (5%) at room
temperature for 2 h. Subsequently, the samples were incubated with
the primary antibody overnight at 4 °C. On the subsequent day,
the membrane was washed three times with TBST, followed by incubation
with the corresponding secondary antibody (mouse or rabbit) at room
temperature for 1 h. Finally, the images were captured using a chemiluminescence
imaging system (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, USA) and subsequently analyzed
with ImageJ software.