Fluoromax fluorescence spectrometer

The scintillator film PL spectra were excited using a 150-W Xe lamp light and collected by using a FluoroMax+ fluorescence spectrometer of Horiba Scientific, and time-resolved PL spectra were tested using a Quantaurus-Tau (Hamamatsu C11367-31,). UV-vis spectrometer (Shimadzu UV-3600) recorded the absorption spectra in the wavelength range from 250 to 650 nm. To explore the transmittance of scintillator films and quartz, a fiber optical spectrometer (Idea optics PG 2000) and integrated sphere combination were carried out. An FDTD method was carried out to simulate the situation in light spread in quartz. The luminescence of scintillation is set as Gaussian light, and the model is approximately reduced to 10⁻⁴ of the actual situation (fig. S7).

Absorption spectra were collected using a UV-3600 double beam spectrometer (Shimadzu), and fluorescence spectra were collected using Fluoromax fluorescence spectrometer (Jobin Yvon). The solutions were degassed in a long-necked quartz cuvette using three freeze–thaw cycles and then mounted in a liquid nitrogen cryostat (Janis Research) for the measurements at low temperatures. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra (including Ph) decays were measured using either a time-correlated single photon counting set-up (TCSPC, Horiba Deltaflex) with a range of nanoLED (357 nm) and laser diode (405 nm) excitation sources, or a nanosecond gated spectrograph-coupled iCCD (Stanford, 4Picos) and a high energy pulsed Nd:YAG laser emitting at 355 nm (SL312, EKSPLA); the pulse duration was approximately 150 ps and the energy of per pulse was chosen around 100 μJ. Emission was focused onto a spectrograph and detected on a sensitive gated iCCD camera (Stanford Computer Optics) having sub-nanosecond resolution. The quantum yields were determined using a Hamamatsu Photonics Absolute Quantum Yield Measurement System model c9920-02G. For powder measurements, a cylindrical quartz cuvette was used.