Ncl h1975

The human LUAD cell lines A549, SK-LU-1 and NCl-H1975 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. A549 cells were maintained in Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (Life Technologies, CA, USA), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin. SK-LU-1 cells were maintained in Minima Essential medium (Life Technologies, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin. NCl-H1975 cells were maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (Life Technologies, CA, USA) medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% (v/v) penicillin-streptomycin. The cells were incubated in a stable environment with 5% CO₂/95% air at 37°C in a humidified incubator.

Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, NCL-H1975) and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (Beas-2b) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Cells were kept in DMEM/high-glucose medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ humidified culture incubator. According to our previous studies [19 (link), 20 (link)], cells were exposed to PM_2.5 or d-limonene for 48 h at a final concentration of 100 µg/mL or 0.25 mmol/L separately. Beas-2b cells were treated with the same concentration and maintained for 30 passages. Treated cells were then analysed in subsequent assays. All experiments were performed with mycoplasma-free cells.