Potassium ethyl xanthate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Sao Tome and Principe, United States

Potassium ethyl xanthate is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white or pale yellow crystalline solid with a characteristic odor. Potassium ethyl xanthate is commonly used in various analytical and research applications, particularly in the field of mineral processing and flotation processes.

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5 protocols using potassium ethyl xanthate

Synthesis and Characterization of VBBPA

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4-Vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC, 90%), 4,4’-dinonyl-2,2’-bipyridine (dNbpy, 97%), N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamineethanol (PMDETA, 99%), chloroform (99%), anisole (99%), methanol (99.9%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%), diethyl ether (99.9%), ethyl acetate (EA, 100%), n-hexane (95%), ), pyrene (97%), and potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX, 97%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, US) and used without purification. Synthesis of 4-vinylbenzyl 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate (VBBPA) was according to previous literature [56 (link)]. Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99%) and dichloromethane (DCM, 99.9%) were distilled and stored in molecular sieve prior to use. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells were grown at pH 7.3 in DMEM high glucose medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 mM HEPES-KOH at 37 °C with an atmosphere inlet of ca. 5% CO₂. CellTiter 96^® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (g5421) was used to stain the cells.

Huang Y.S., Chen J.K., Kuo S.W., Hsieh Y.A., Yamamoto S., Nakanishi J, & Huang C.F. (2019). Synthesis of Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-Based Polymer Bottlebrushes by ATRPA and RAFT Polymerization: Toward Drug Delivery Application. Polymers, 11(6), 1079.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth Complexes

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All chemicals were used as supplied. Ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and magnesium sulphate were all purchased from Fisher Scientific at laboratory reagent grade. Deuterated chloroform (99.8 atom% D), dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (99.9 atom% D), vinyl acetate (97%), potassium ethyl xanthate (96%), 2-(methyl bromopropionate) (98%), bismuth(iii) oxide powder (99.999% trace metals basis) hydrazine hydrate 50–60%, phosphate buffered saline tablet pH 7.4 (NaCl = 0.137 M and KCl = 0.0027 M at 25 °C), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Dialysis membrane (MWCO = 1000 Da/MWCO: 300–500 Da) was purchased from Spectra/Por.

Kontopoulou I., Congdon T.R., Bassett S., Mair B, & Gibson M.I. (2022). Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) by blue light bismuth oxide photocatalysed RAFT. Evaluation of the impact of freeze/thaw cycling on ice recrystallisation inhibition. Polymer Chemistry, 13(32), 4692-4700.

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Synthesis of Polymer Precursors

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Ethylene glycol (EG, 99%), pyridine (99%), 2-bromopropanoyl bromide (98%), potassium ethyl xanthate (97%), 1-bromoethane (98%), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 99%), 2.0 M lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF), diphenyl phosphate (DPP, 97%), and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and were used without purification. The solvents N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP, 99%) and ε-caprolactone (CL, 99%) were distilled and stored in a molecular sieve prior to use.

Huang Y.S., Chen J.K., Chen T, & Huang C.F. (2017). Synthesis of PNVP-Based Copolymers with Tunable Thermosensitivity by Sequential Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Copolymerization and Ring-Opening Polymerization. Polymers, 9(6), 231.

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Synthesis and Purification of Protein

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All chemicals were used as supplied. Ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol, Petroleum ether 40–60 °C dichloromethane and magnesium sulphate were all purchased from Fisher Scientific at laboratory reagent grade. Deuterated chloroform (99.8 atom %D), dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (99.9 atom %D), vinyl acetate (97.0%), 4,4′-azo-bis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (≥80.0%), 2,2′-azo-bis(2-methylpropionitrile) (98%), potassium ethyl xanthate (96%), 2-(methyl bromopropionate) (98%), aqueous hydrazine hydrate solution (50–60%), PBS buffer (preformulated tablets, yielding 0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.0027 M potassium chloride and 0.137 M sodium chloride, pH 7.4), N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl, >99.0%), N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS, 98%), imidazole (>99%), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate (NADH 97%), sodium pyruvate (ReagentPlus > 99%), polyethylene glycol (BioUltra 4000), poly(vinyl alcohol) (MW 9–10 kDa, 80% hydrolysed) and SealPlate films were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. L–lactate dehydrogenase was purchased from Roche. MilliQ water (18.2 mΩ).
Protein expression and purification are described in the Supporting Information.

Fayter A.E., Hasan M., Congdon T.R., Kontopoulou I, & Gibson M.I. (2020). Ice recrystallisation inhibiting polymers prevent irreversible protein aggregation during solvent-free cryopreservation as additives and as covalent polymer-protein conjugates. European Polymer Journal, 140, 110036.

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Chemicals Preparation for Research

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Potassium hydroxide (≥85%), n propanol (≥99%), carbon disulfide (≥98.99%), petroleum ether (≥98.99%), hexane (≥97%), acetone (≥99%), n butanol (≥99%), n pentanol (≥99%), n hexanol (≥98%), n heptanol (≥98%), n octanol (≥99%), potassium ethylxanthate (≥98%), cadmium chloride (≥99%), zinc chloride (≥97%), acetonitrile (≥99.99%), methanol (≥99.8%), ethyl acetate (≥99.5%), tetrahydrofuran (≥99.99%) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (≥99. %) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Fisher and used without further purification. Deuterated solvents for NMR were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Bakly A.A.K., Collison D., Ahumada-Lazo R., Binks D.J., Smith M., Raftery J., Whitehead G.F.S., O'Brien P, & Lewis D.J. (2021). Synthesis, X-ray Single-Crystal Structural Characterization, and Thermal Analysis of Bis(O-alkylxanthato)Cd(II) and Bis(O-alkylxanthato)Zn(II) Complexes Used as Precursors for Cadmium and Zinc Sulfide Thin Films. Inorganic chemistry, 60(10).

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