CRF was determined using a 20-m shuttle run test [28 (link)]. The test has a moderate-to-high criterion validity for estimating the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max; r = 0.66–0.84), which is higher when other variables (e.g. sex, age or body mass) are taken into account (r = 0.78–0.95) [29 (link)]. Moreover, it has a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.89 for children [28 (link)]. To minimise measurement bias, the test was additionally monitored with heart rate monitors (Polar Accurex Plus and Polar S610i). The criteria for exhaustion was a heart rate of ≥185 beats per min. CRF was expressed as VO2max relative to body weight in ml of oxygen per kg of body mass per minute by using the quadratic formula from the Pacer Linear Model 2 protocol [30 (link)].
Polar s610i
Manufactured by Polar Electro
Sourced in Finland
The Polar S610i is a heart rate monitor that measures and records the user's heart rate during exercise. It features a chest strap to collect heart rate data and a wrist unit to display the information.
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Lab products found in correlation
14 protocols using polar s610i
1
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment Protocol
2
Breath-by-Breath Gas Analysis During Exercise
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Breath-by-breath data was continuously obtained during exercise by participants wearing a facemask that was connected to a metabolic gas analysis system (Innocor, Innovision A/S, Odense, Denmark). Parameters analysed were oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio and minute ventilation. Calibration of equipment was undertaken before each use according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. In addition, calibration of the system’s oxygen and photoacoustic sensors is undertaken periodically (every 6–12 months) by the manufacturer. A heart rate monitor was used to measure HR at 5 s intervals (Polar S610i, Polar Ltd., Finland).
3
Treadmill VO2max Assessment Protocol
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The laboratory graded exercise tests to determine V˙O2max were conducted on a treadmill (Model Venus, h/p/cosmos Sports & Medical GmbH, Traunstein, Germany) with an incline set at 4° throughout the test and with continuous measurement of V˙O2 using a breath by breath open-circuit system (Oxycon Pro, Erich Jaeger GmbH, Hoechberg, Germany). After a 5-min warm-up jog, control subjects began running at 7 km·h−1, and athletes ran at 9 km·h−1. The speed was increased by 1 km·h−1 every minute for the first 3 min of the test, and thereafter, by 0.5 km·h−1 every 30 s until exhaustion. The V˙O2max protocols were designed to induce exhaustion in the subjects after 5 to 9 min. The criteria of a plateau in oxygen uptake, a RER value of ≥1.10, and a heart rate close to the age-predicted maximum were used to determine whether the subjects reached V˙O2max (25 (link)). V˙O2max was determined as the highest value averaged over 30 s. Heart rate was continuously registered with a Polar HR-monitoring system (Polar S610i; Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland).
4
Heart Rate Monitoring in Competitive Sports
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HR was measured using Polar S610i devices (Polar Electro Oy, Helsinky, Finland). Four categories were established based on theoretical maximum HR (maxHR) [23 (link)]: HR1 (HR ≤ 75%), HR2 (HR between 76 and 84%), HR3 (HR between 85 and 89%), and HR4 (HR > 90%). Minimum HR (minHR), meanHR, and maxHR values for each half of the match were obtained by graphic analysis (Polar Precision Performance 5.0 and Team AMS 1.2).
5
Expired Air and Cardiovascular Assessment
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During exercise participants wore a facemask to continuously collect expired air using an online metabolic system (Innocor, Innovision A/S, Odense, Denmark). Analysis of expired air allowed determination of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide output (V̇CO2), minute ventilation (V̇E) and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) breath-by-breath. Heart rate was recorded every 5 s (Polar S610i, Polar Ltd, Finland), with peak HR defined as the highest heart rate attained within the last 15 s of the point of termination of the test.
6
Active Play Intervention for Childhood Asthma
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The 1 h guided active play sessions took place twice weekly for 6 weeks from October to December 2013. Active play exercises were designed and directed by experienced sport instructors from the University of Agder. The training location was an indoor gym (300 m2) at a secondary school in Kristiansand, Norway. The children were instructed to use β2-agonists as recommended by the doctor before sessions and, if needed, during the sessions. Equipment used in the active play programme were soft balls, Swiss balls, cones, beanbags, balloons, small mats, gymnastic mats, jumping ropes, vaulting boxes, benches and ‘paintball bunkers’. Each session started with a 10–15 min warm-up, including various ball games and games of ‘tag’. The main session (30–35 min) included more endurance-type activities such as team games, relays and tag. The last 5–10 min were a cool-down, during which the children played low-intensity games or relaxed by listening to music while sitting or lying on a mat. Descriptions of the exercises used in the programme are given in table 1 .
To record exercise intensity, the children wore a HR monitor (Polar S610i, Polar Electro OY, Kempele, Finland) during each session. Three instructors were present at every training session—one instructor to organise the exercises and the other two instructors to participate in the sessions and encourage the children.
To record exercise intensity, the children wore a HR monitor (Polar S610i, Polar Electro OY, Kempele, Finland) during each session. Three instructors were present at every training session—one instructor to organise the exercises and the other two instructors to participate in the sessions and encourage the children.
7
Individualized VO2max Measurement Protocol
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An individualized protocol was applied to measure VO2max. 14 Each test-subject was familiarized with treadmill walking during the warm-up of 8-10 minutes, also to ensure safety and avoid handrail grasp when this was not absolutely necessary. Oxygen uptake kinetics were measured directly by a portable mixing chamber gas-analyzer (Cortex MetaMax II, Cortex, Leipzig, Germany) with the participants wearing a tight face mask (Hans Rudolph, Germany) connected to the MetaMax II device. The system has previously been found reliable and valid in our laboratory. Heart rate was measured by radio telemetry (Polar S610i, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland). From the warm-up pace, the load was regularly increased. When the participants reached an oxygen consumption that was stable over 30 seconds, treadmill inclination (1-2% each step) or velocity (0.5-1 km/h) were increased until the participants were exhausted. A maximal test was achieved when the respiratory quotient reached >1.05 or when the oxygen uptake did not increase >2 ml/kg/min despite increased workload. VO2max was measured as liters of oxygen per minute (l/min), and subsequently calculated as VO2max relative to body mass (ml/kg/min) and VO2max scaled (ml/kg 0.75 /min).
8
Heart Rate Monitoring in Soccer SSGs
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Exercise intensity was quantified by monitoring HR using the Polar S610i (Polar Electro OY, Finland) devices during SSGs and games. Four zones of exercise intensity were established according to the individual HRmax (<75% HRmax, 75–84% HRmax, 85–89% HRmax, >90% HRmax) [30 (link)]. The maximal HR of the players was obtained throughout an incremental field test (the highest 5-s average recorded during the test) [31 (link)]. Furthermore, the percentage of time that players spent in each zone of intensity during the SSGs was recorded. The variables analyzed were minimum HR (HRmin), mean HR (HRmean), and HRmax for each SSG.
9
VO2peak Testing Protocol for Interventions
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After completing the incremental test, participants rested or performed easy cycling for 5 minutes before the VO2peak test. The test started at a load corresponding to 7-10 on the Borg scale. The load was increased with 15 W every 30 seconds. Subjects could choose to continue on the same load or increase by 7.5 W when they started to fatigue until voluntary exhaustion, where the RPE on Borg scale was reported to be 19. Encouragement was given verbally throughout the test and VO2peak was defined as the highest oxygen uptake achieved during 1 minute. HR was measured during the test (Polar S610i, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland), and the highest heart rate registered during the test was defined as HRpeak. The tests were performed twice and the highest values were used to describe VO2peak and HRpeak.
After the intervention the test was repeated for measurement of VO2peak and the relationship between oxygen uptake and HR was determined.
After the intervention the test was repeated for measurement of VO2peak and the relationship between oxygen uptake and HR was determined.
10
High-Intensity Cycling Training Protocol
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During the three-week training period, the subjects participated in eight training sessions, where at least one day of rest was given between each training sessions. All training sessions were group-based and were performed on indoor-bicycles (Body Bike Classic, Body Bike International A/S, Frederikshavn, Denmark), supervised by a qualified instructor. Training intensity was determined from the relationship between heart rate and VO2 as well as the information about VO2peak, and HRpeak. Training sessions consisted of 5-minute warm up at a HR no higher than 80% of HRpeak, followed by 60 minutes of cycling at 82-87% of HRpeak.
Each session was divided into 4 blocks of 15 minutes, with 2-minute breaks between blocks.
During the breaks participants cycled without load or rested. After each training session the participants cycled slowly 5 minutes without load as cool down. A heart rate monitor (Polar S610i, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) was used to control intensity and duration. Data from the heart rate monitors was stored for later analysis.
Each session was divided into 4 blocks of 15 minutes, with 2-minute breaks between blocks.
During the breaks participants cycled without load or rested. After each training session the participants cycled slowly 5 minutes without load as cool down. A heart rate monitor (Polar S610i, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) was used to control intensity and duration. Data from the heart rate monitors was stored for later analysis.
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