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28 protocols using accu chek compact plus

1

Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats

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Streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in freshly made 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) and a single dose was injected into 16 rats to induce diabetes. In control rats, an equivalent amount of the buffer was administered. Diabetes was validated by measuring fasting blood glucose levels with an Accu-Chek Compact-Plus glucose meter (Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France) after two days of STZinjection. Diabetic animals were included in the study if their blood sugar level was more than 13.9 mmol/L.
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2

Dietary-induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice

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8-week-old male mice were fed a standard chow (chow) or diabetogenic diet (DD) (S7200-E010, EF Bio-Serv F1850; 24% sucrose, 35.85% lard, Ssniff) for 11 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance. Body weight was measured weekly. Fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance were assayed at 19 weeks of age, after a 6 h fasting period. Glucose tolerance was tested with a fixed dose (orally administrered) of 2 mg glucose/mean kg body weight of chow-fed animals. Blood glucose was measured with the ACCU-CHEK Compact Plus device (Roche).
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3

Glucose and Insulin Measurement in Mice

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To measure non-fasting glucose levels, glucose levels were measured in the morning. For the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), after an overnight fast (16 h), age-matched 22-week-old male mice were injected intraperitoneally with glucose (0.5 g/kg body weight). A few microliters of blood were taken from the tail vein of awake mice, and glucose levels were measured using whole blood with a compact glucose analyzer (ACCU-CHEK ® Compact Plus, Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) at the indicated time points. To measure insulin levels, whole blood samples were collected from the orbital sinus in awake mice and centrifuged. After centrifugation, plasma was stored at -80°C until analysis. Insulin levels were measured using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit (Morinaga Co., Kanagawa, Japan).
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4

Fasting Blood Glucose Measurement

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Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured with an AccuChek Compact Plus glucose monitoring system (Roche) from tail blood samples following 16 h of food deprivation. Animals with an FBG of >5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) were considered hyperglycemic.
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5

Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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To assess whether the mice exhibited alterations in peripheral glucose regulation, IGTTs were performed. The mice were fasted for 12 h prior to baseline glucose readings (taken in duplicate) with subsequent intraperitoneal glucose injection (20% d-glucose at 2 g/kg body weight). Blood was collected from the tail vein and blood glucose readings were taken in duplicate at baseline (time 0), and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post glucose injection using a glucometer (ACCU-CHEK Compact Plus, Roche, Germany).
Following the IGTT, the mice were allowed 1 week of recovery prior to the IITT. For insulin tolerance testing, the mice were fasted for 6 h prior to testing and then were delivered an intraperitoneal injection of insulin (2 U/kg body weight, insulin; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) with blood glucose levels monitored, in duplicate, at time point 0 (preinjection), and at post-injection time points of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min.
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6

Biochemical Assays for Metabolic Markers

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Commercial kits were used to assay plasma triglycerides and insulin (#1488872; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 80-INSMSU-E01, Alpco Diagnostics, Salem, NH, USA). Plasma glucose was measured with the ALL-IN-ONE blood glucose monitoring system (ACCU-CHEK Compact Plus, Roche Diagnostics). Plasma ALT, AST, CREA, and BUN were measured on a clinical autoanalyzer (Beckman Coulter DX, Brea, CA, USA) in a hospital.
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7

Rat Metabolic Biomarker Measurement

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Fasting glucose concentrations were determined using a one-touch glucometer (Accu-Chek Compact Plus, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Rat insulin (cat. #EZRMI-13 K, intra-CV: <3% inter-CV: <8%) levels were measured with commercial ELISA kits (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated via surrogate indexes: the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). HOMA-IR and QUICKI were calculated from fasting serum glucose (FG, mg dl−1) and insulin (FI, μU ml−1) using the following formulae:25 (link) [HOMA-IR=(FG × FI)÷2430] and QUICKI=1÷[log (FG)+log (FG)]. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 25[OH]D3 levels in rat serum by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay at the Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto, ON, Canada) on Roche Modular E170 Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland).
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8

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test

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An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed at 18 weeks of age. After 6 h of fasting (8:00 to 14:00), rats were weighed, fasting glucose and insulin level was determined from tail vein blood, and then 50% glucose (2 g/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity, followed by measurement of glucose levels after 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The IPGTT assay was performed twice in two days. Glucose levels were determined using an AccuChek Compact Plus glucometer (Roche, Basel, Switzerland).
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9

Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Evaluation

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Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were determined. Mice were fasted for 4 hours, and then baseline glucose level were measured using an Accu-Chek Compact Plus glucometer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) by using tail vein blood. Mice were subsequently injected with 1 mg/g glucose intraperitoneally. Serum glucose levels were measured at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following glucose injection. Total serum cholesterol and fasting glucose were measured with a CardioChek PA system (PTS Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) according to the manufacturer’s instructions using tail vein blood. Plasma insulin levels were measured using a Mouse Insulin ELISA kit from ALPCO (Salem, NH) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Insulin content was determined using a standard curve obtained from the standards provided by the kit. Serum and liver triglyceride levels were evaluated using a Triglyceride Colorimetric Assay Kit from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Tail vein blood samples from the sacrificed animals were used for the analysis of serum triglycerides. Liver lipid was extracted using the solution provided by an identical analysis kit. Triglyceride levels were calculated using the absorbance readings of samples and triglyceride standards.
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10

Glucose and Insulin Determination

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Blood was collected by tail vein sampling. Blood glucose levels were determined using an ACCU-CHEK Compact Plus (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) automatic glucometer. Insulin levels of serum samples were determined by using a Mouse Insulin ELISA (ALPCO, Salem, NH) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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