The intricate interaction between plants and their surroundings leads to the production of various substances that enhance the environment and help in controlling greenhouse gases and climate change. However, in the past, humans have ruthlessly exterminated many plant species, resulting in the loss of biodiversity and further exacerbating climate change. To address this, the identification, detection and diagnosis of plant diseases have become crucial. In this dataset, the authors have chosen twelve plant species, including guava, arjun, mango, alstonia, bael, scholaris, jatropha, jamun, pomegranate, basil and lemon. The leaves of these plants were photographed in both healthy and infected states and were divided into two categories: healthy and infected. The entire dataset contains approximately 4503 photos, with 2278 healthy leaves and 2225 diseased leaves, taken from March to May 2019 at the University of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi in Katra. The dataset was divided into 22 subject groups based on plant species, and the photographs were captured in an enclosed space using a Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) with an 18–55 mm lens and sRGB color representation. The photos were taken with 1000 ISO and without flash, resulting in a single JPEG photo in 0.58 s per frame and a RAW + JPEG photo in 0.63 s per frame.
D5300 camera
Manufactured by Nikon
Sourced in Japan
The Nikon D5300 is a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. It features a 24.2-megapixel DX-format CMOS sensor, EXPEED 4 image processor, and 1080p video recording capabilities.
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Lab products found in correlation
Inverted sp5 microscope, by Leica (2 mentions)
Mzfliii stereomicroscope, by Leica (2 mentions)
Dfc450 c camera, by Leica (2 mentions)
Spss 20.0 analysis software, by IBM (1 mentions)
Lumox dish, by Sarstedt (1 mentions)
Eclipse e200, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Axio scope a1, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
M205 fa, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
M205 fa, by Leica (1 mentions)
Axioskop microscope, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
19 protocols using d5300 camera
1
Detecting Plant Diseases through Leaf Imaging
2
Vitiligo Patch Size Quantification
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A transparent grid was used for the calculation of changes in the vitiligo patch size. The number of intersections covering the lesion was counted as shown in Figure 1 .12 (link)
To obtain accurate measurement of localized vitiligo lesions, the borders of the lesions were marked by manually tracking the lesions onto the transparent graph paper. To estimate the number of points, the number of intersections hitting the area of interest was counted. The total area of each lesion was estimated by multiplying the representative area of a point on grid by total number of points counted for the lesion.
This was performed on a computer assisted grid “point counting and digital planimetry technique” by AutoCAD 2016, version 20.1 released on March 23, 2015, developed and marketed by Autodesk Incorporation, USA.
Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), a 24.2 megapixels digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera with 18–55 mm lens, was used. Photographs were obtained at baseline, at each session, and at 3 months after the end of the treatment for follow-up using identical camera settings, lighting, background, and patient positioning to ensure the consistency of images.
To obtain accurate measurement of localized vitiligo lesions, the borders of the lesions were marked by manually tracking the lesions onto the transparent graph paper. To estimate the number of points, the number of intersections hitting the area of interest was counted. The total area of each lesion was estimated by multiplying the representative area of a point on grid by total number of points counted for the lesion.
This was performed on a computer assisted grid “point counting and digital planimetry technique” by AutoCAD 2016, version 20.1 released on March 23, 2015, developed and marketed by Autodesk Incorporation, USA.
Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), a 24.2 megapixels digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera with 18–55 mm lens, was used. Photographs were obtained at baseline, at each session, and at 3 months after the end of the treatment for follow-up using identical camera settings, lighting, background, and patient positioning to ensure the consistency of images.
3
Comparative Analysis of Experimental Treatments
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The data were evaluated using analysis of variance to determine statistical significance and were represented as means ± SD, as calculated by SPSS20.0 analysis software (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). A difference was considered significant at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). All photographs were taken with a Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and edited in ImageJ. Graphs were plotted using Excel 2019 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and figures were assembled using Microsoft PowerPoint.
4
Hemocyte Viability Assay using AO/EtBr Staining
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Acridine orange (AO)/Ethidium bromide (EtBr) double staining was used to check the viability of hemocytes. Viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells were identified according to Altuntaş et al.62 (link). Second instar (64–72 h old) larvae were fed on control and treated (LC30 and LC50) diets for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Hemolymph was pooled from ten larvae and 5 µl of hemolymph was mixed with 10 µl of AO/EtBr dye mixture (consisting of 100 µg/ml of acridine orange and 100 µg/ml of ethidium bromide dissolved in PBS), transferred to a clean glass slide, covered with coverslip, and observed under Nikon ECLIPSE E200 fluorescent microscope at a magnification of 40X. Photographs were taken with Nikon D5300 camera. For each treatment interval, six replicates were taken and, in each replicate, 300 cells were counted.
5
Evaluating PRP and Excimer Laser for Vitiligo
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According to different treatment methods, the patients were equally randomized into Group I (intradermal PRP injection alone), Group II (308-nm excimer laser alone) and Group III (intradermal PRP injection combined with 308-nm excimer laser) using the envelope method. Specifically, a total of 60 random numbers were generated with SAS software, which were equally divided into three groups. The information about the intervention protocols for each group was sealed in a light-proof envelope. After recruitment, patients were numbered and grouped according to the numbers written on the covers of the envelopes. They were treated in accordance with the protocols contained in the corresponding envelope. Before and at 3 months after treatment, photos were taken with a Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon Corporation, Japan).
6
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Repigmentation
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Quantitative and qualitative assessment was done at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Quantitative assessment was done by point counting method of area estimation for repigmentation as explained elsewhere [ 15 ].
Qualitative assessment was done in the form of global assessment as per stages of repigmentation. This was done by two independent and blinded dermatologists (M.K.R. and N.M.). Digital photographs of the lesions were compared on a monthly basis, and the repigmentation was graded on a five-point scale (grade 0 or no responseno repigmentation or increased depigmentation, grade 1 or mild response -1-25% repigmentation, grade 2 or moderate response -26-50% repigmentation, grade 3 or good response -51-75% repigmentation, and grade 4 or excellent response -76-100% repigmentation). The mean of repigmentation percentage recorded by these two independent dermatologists was taken as the final response grading. Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), with 18-55 mm lens, was used for digital photography. Photographs were obtained at baseline, at each session, and at 4 weeks after the end of the treatment sessions for follow-up using identical camera settings and patient positioning to ensure the consistency of images.
Qualitative assessment was done in the form of global assessment as per stages of repigmentation. This was done by two independent and blinded dermatologists (M.K.R. and N.M.). Digital photographs of the lesions were compared on a monthly basis, and the repigmentation was graded on a five-point scale (grade 0 or no responseno repigmentation or increased depigmentation, grade 1 or mild response -1-25% repigmentation, grade 2 or moderate response -26-50% repigmentation, grade 3 or good response -51-75% repigmentation, and grade 4 or excellent response -76-100% repigmentation). The mean of repigmentation percentage recorded by these two independent dermatologists was taken as the final response grading. Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), with 18-55 mm lens, was used for digital photography. Photographs were obtained at baseline, at each session, and at 4 weeks after the end of the treatment sessions for follow-up using identical camera settings and patient positioning to ensure the consistency of images.
7
Colony Radius Measurement and Cell Movement Analysis
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Colonies were photographed using a Nikon D5300 camera (Nikon, Japan), and images were analyzed using the Digimizer computer program (MedCalc Software, Version 4.2.6.0). Colony radii of three independent experiments were measured every 24 h. To compare the radii of different sets, we performed unpaired, two-tailed, Student's t-test using Microsoft Excel for Windows (version 2019, Microsoft Software). To calculate the average movement speed of 45-1b, Colony radii of three independent experiments were measured after 96-h culturing, and speed was calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time required.
The length of the stalks of 6B-8 attached to 45-1b cells were measured using a
The length of the stalks of 6B-8 attached to 45-1b cells were measured using a
8
Morphometric Analysis of Chinese Cabbage
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The seedlings of Chinese cabbage treated with GB or BABA were photographed with a Nikon D 5300 camera, and then the length, width, plant height, and fresh weight of the largest leaves were measured. Hypocotyl diameters were measured with a digital vernier caliper. Finally, the samples were placed in envelopes and dried at 75 °C, and the dry weights were measured using an electronic balance.
9
Oil Wicking in ULDPE Films
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To visualize oil wicking inside of ULDPE, a 100 μL volume of oil (cottonseed oil or silicone oil) was mixed with 1.0% (w/v) petroleum fluorescent dye (Risk Reactor, DFSB-K175 UV Orange) using a vortex mixer. The fluorescent oil was placed in a (50 mm)3 open-top borosilicate cell (Spectrocell Inc.) to avoid optical distortion and illuminated with a UV light source (Risk Reactor, 52021(SLR-004-OL)). A vertically-oriented film of ULDPE was clamped over the fluorescent oil bath and the bath was raised on a z-stage until the bottom of the film was submerged. Images of the wicking front were taken in 5 min intervals for 9 hr by a Nikon D5300 camera. The displacement of the wicking front over time was measured using the Tracker software program. For both cottonseed oil and silicone oil, three wicking trials were performed.
10
Landmark-based Geometric Morphometrics of Crucian Carp Body Shape
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We examined crucian carp body shape using landmark‐based geometric morphometrics. We laterally photographed fish using a Nikon D5300 camera positioned on a tripod and set at a focal length of around 60 mm. In order to minimize perspective and distortions errors among images, we arranged fish along their main horizontal axis, extended dorsal and ventral fins using dissecting pins, and used a mesh cradle (Muir et al., 2012 ). Digital photographs were transferred to tpsDig2 software v 2.31 (Rohlf, 2004 ), and 17 landmarks and six semilandmarks were digitized (Figure 2 ). Digitizing was always performed by the same person. After checking for outliers, we used a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) to standardize the landmark configurations for position, orientation, and size. Centroid size (CS) of the landmark configurations was used as a proxy for body size. Centroid size is the square root of the sum of the squared distances of landmarks from their center of gravity (centroid). Centroid size values were log‐transformed prior to statistical analysis. All morphometric analysis was performed using the package “Geomorph” (Adams et al., 2020 ) in R version 4.0.1 (R Core Team, 2020 ).
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