Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 200) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), acetone from Chimopar SA (Bucharest, Romania) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Different chlorides, phosphates and carbonates such as NaCl, KCl and MgCl2, Na2HPO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4 and NaHCO3 were acquired from Chimopar SA (Bucharest, Romania) and used to prepare the simulated body fluid (SBF).
Peg 200
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
PEG 200 is a polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 200 g/mol. It is a clear, viscous liquid with a low odor. PEG 200 is commonly used as a solvent, plasticizer, and humectant in various applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Peg400, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Tween 20, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Peg 600, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Glycerol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hexamethylene diisocyanate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Capryol 90, by Gattefosse (2 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isopropyl myristate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Olive oil, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Peg 8000, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Peg20000, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cremophore rh 40, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Linalyl acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methylcellulose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Mgcl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium cacodylate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
52 protocols using peg 200
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane Biomaterials
2
Synthesis of CD@TiO2 Nanohybrid and Glycerol-Based Hyperbranched Epoxy
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Citric
acid (Merck, Germany),
glycerol (Merck, Germany), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200, Mn = 200 g/mol, Merck, Mumbai), and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic
acid (bis-MPA, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were used after drying in a
vacuum oven. Titanium butoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and poly(amido
amine) hardener (HY840, Ciba Geigy, Mumbai; amine value, 5–7
equiv/kg) were used as received. All other chemicals used in this
study were of reagent grade and used without further purification.
CD@TiO2 nanohybrid was prepared by the same hydrothermal
method as reported earlier,20 (link) and the basic
information about CD and CD@TiO2 is provided in theSupporting Information (SI) . The glycerol-based
hyperbranched epoxy was obtained by the reported method, and its important
characteristics are provided in theSupporting Information (SI) .
acid (Merck, Germany),
glycerol (Merck, Germany), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200, Mn = 200 g/mol, Merck, Mumbai), and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic
acid (bis-MPA, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were used after drying in a
vacuum oven. Titanium butoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and poly(amido
amine) hardener (HY840, Ciba Geigy, Mumbai; amine value, 5–7
equiv/kg) were used as received. All other chemicals used in this
study were of reagent grade and used without further purification.
CD@TiO2 nanohybrid was prepared by the same hydrothermal
method as reported earlier,20 (link) and the basic
information about CD and CD@TiO2 is provided in the
hyperbranched epoxy was obtained by the reported method, and its important
characteristics are provided in the
3
Bioactive Glass-Reinforced Photocurable Composites
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Bioactive glass powder with a mean diameter of 4 μm (d50 = 4 ± 1 μm) and a specific surface area of 1.5 m2/g was purchased from Schott (Mainz, Germany). Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPE-OTA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; 96%), camphorquinone (CQ, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; used as a photoinitiator), 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde (DMAB; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; co-initiator), Sudan Orange G dye (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, used as a light absorber) and polyethyleneglycol-200 (PEG-200, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used in analytical grade without further purification. CQ is a type II photoinitiator which functions by intramolecular abstraction from tertiary amines [18 (link)]. It absorbs light at a wavelength longer than 400 nm and is applicable for the visible light region. A combination of CQ with co-initiator DMAB has been reported to be biocompatible and is used in many dental resins [19 (link)]. TMPE-OTA was used as a base monomer due to its low viscosity and high reactivity, while HEA was employed as a reactive diluent. The physical properties of the materials applied in this work are given in Table S1 .
4
Diverse Reagents for Pharmaceutical Formulations
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The working standard of EU (purity: 99.8%), GO, Brij 98, isopropanol (IPA), and complete FCA were obtained from “Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)”. CO was purchased from “Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., (Mumbai, India)”. Capryol-90, Transcutol-P, Labrasol, and Labrafac were obtained from “Gattefosse (Lyon, France)”. Cremophore-EL, CA, and SA were obtained from BASF (Darmstadt, Germany). Tween 80, Tween 20, PEG-200, and PEG-400 were obtained from “E-Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)”. HPLC grade methanol and ethyl alcohol were purchased from “Fluka Chemica (Darmstadt, Germany)”. Purified water was obtained from “Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA)”. All additional chemicals and reagents used in the experiment were analytical grade and purchased from a reputable vendor.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyoxyethylene Diols
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Chemicals: chloroform-d1, 99.6% (Deutero GmbH, Kastellaun, Germany); dichlorobenzene, anhydrous, 99% (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany), secure seal, withdrawn under counter current argon flow; dichloromethane, anhydrous, ≥99.8% (Sigma-Aldrich), secure seal, withdrawn under counter current argon flow; dioxolane, anhydrous, 99.8% (Sigma-Aldrich), secure seal, withdrawn under counter current argon flow; n-pentane, technical, >98% (Haltermann Carless, Hamburg, Germany); sulfur trioxide DMF complex, 97+ % (ACROS Organics, Geel, Belgium); triethylamine, >98% (Fluka Analytical, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); trioxane, ≥99% (Sigma-Aldrich). These were used as supplied if not stated otherwise. Polyoxyethylene diols A , B , and C were obtained with nominal weights of 1000, 400 and 200 g/mol, respectively, as PEG 1000, (Fluka, Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH, Seelze, Germany), PEG 400, (Fluka), and PEG 200 for synthesis (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); they were then dried in an oil pump vacuum prior to used. The number average molecular weights were determined with gel permeation chromatography, being 1076, 364 and 136 g/mol, respectively.
6
Chitosan-Based Polyurethane Structures
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Chitosan-based PU structures were obtained using the following reagents: hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG 200), and caffeine were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); acetic acid 96%, acetone, and HCl 1N were obtained from Chimopar SA (Bucharest, Romania); 1,4-butanediol (BD) was purchased from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany); and Chitosan was from Oxford Lab. Chem. (Vasai-Virar, Maharashtra, India). These reagents were of commercial reagent grade; they were kept under the conditions indicated by the manufacturer and they were used without further purifications.
Inorganic salts such as NaCl, KCl, NaHCO3, Na2HPO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, and MgCl2 were purchased from Chimopar SA (Bucharest, Romania), and they were used to prepare a simulated body fluid; they were of analytical grade and they were previously heated to remove the crystallization water.
Inorganic salts such as NaCl, KCl, NaHCO3, Na2HPO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, and MgCl2 were purchased from Chimopar SA (Bucharest, Romania), and they were used to prepare a simulated body fluid; they were of analytical grade and they were previously heated to remove the crystallization water.
7
Graphite-based Electrochemical Devices Synthesis
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Glycerol
(Merck, Germany),
citric acid (Merck, Germany), BD (Merck, Germany), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic
acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200, Mn = 200 g/mol, Merck, Mumbai) were used after
drying in a vacuum oven. Graphite flakes (60 mesh, purity 99%, Loba
Chemie, India), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%,
Merck, India), concentrated sulfuric acid (98%, Merck, India), TDI
(Merck, Germany), potassium permanganate (KMnO4, Analytical
Rasayan, India), diethylamine (Merck, Mumbai), methyl methacrylate
(Sigma-Aldrich) acrylonitrile (SRL, Mumbai), aniline (Sigma-Aldrich),
and poly(amido amine) hardener (Asian Paints, Mumbai, amine value
5–7 equiv/kg) were used as received. The other reagent grade
chemicals were used in this study without further purification.
(Merck, Germany),
citric acid (Merck, Germany), BD (Merck, Germany), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic
acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200, Mn = 200 g/mol, Merck, Mumbai) were used after
drying in a vacuum oven. Graphite flakes (60 mesh, purity 99%, Loba
Chemie, India), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%,
Merck, India), concentrated sulfuric acid (98%, Merck, India), TDI
(Merck, Germany), potassium permanganate (KMnO4, Analytical
Rasayan, India), diethylamine (Merck, Mumbai), methyl methacrylate
(Sigma-Aldrich) acrylonitrile (SRL, Mumbai), aniline (Sigma-Aldrich),
and poly(amido amine) hardener (Asian Paints, Mumbai, amine value
5–7 equiv/kg) were used as received. The other reagent grade
chemicals were used in this study without further purification.
8
Naringenin-Based Nanoemulsion for Enhanced Apoptosis
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Naringenin, isopropyl myristate, castor oil, and olive oil were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol, Tween 20, Tween 80, and PEG 200 were purchased from Merck, USA. Sefsol 218 was procured from Nikko Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan), whereas Capryol 90, Transcutol HP, and Labrafac PG were obtained from Gattefosse (Saint Priest Cedex, France). The Caspase-3 Colorimetric Assay Kit (Catalog No. K106) was purchased from BioVision, USA. Human Bax ELISA (EIA-4487) was purchased from DRG International, Inc., USA. The Bcl-2 ELISA Kit (Cat. No. 99-0042) was procured from Invitrogen Corporation, CA, USA. The Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) reagent kit was purchased from ABCAM, Cambridge, UK. The Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit and Cell cycle kits were purchased from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA). Other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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All of the chemicals
were used for the experiments without further purification. SnCl2·2H2O power (Merck), terpineol (Himedia),
poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)–PEG
triblock copolymer (Aldrich), SnCl4·5H2O (Aldrich), 2-methoxy ethanol (Himedia), absolute ethanol (TMEDA),
acetylacetone (Merck), 4-tert-butylpyridine (Himedia),
hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6, Aldrich),
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (Aldrich), di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)
(Dyesol, Australia), ethanol (EtOH), CH3CN (Merck), PEG
200 (Merck), valeronitrile (Sigma-Aldrich), tert-butanol
(Merck) were used. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (resistivity ∼13–15
Ω/sq cm, Aldrich), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) filter (0.2
μm, Axiva) were purchased. High-grade Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ
cm) was used for all of the experiments.
were used for the experiments without further purification. SnCl2·2H2O power (Merck), terpineol (Himedia),
poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)–PEG
triblock copolymer (Aldrich), SnCl4·5H2O (Aldrich), 2-methoxy ethanol (Himedia), absolute ethanol (TMEDA),
acetylacetone (Merck), 4-tert-butylpyridine (Himedia),
hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6, Aldrich),
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (Aldrich), di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)
(Dyesol, Australia), ethanol (EtOH), CH3CN (Merck), PEG
200 (Merck), valeronitrile (Sigma-Aldrich), tert-butanol
(Merck) were used. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (resistivity ∼13–15
Ω/sq cm, Aldrich), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) filter (0.2
μm, Axiva) were purchased. High-grade Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ
cm) was used for all of the experiments.
10
Synthesis of PEGylated Paclitaxel and Temozolomide
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All chemicals including different types of PEG (ethylene glycol -Cat# 102466, PEG 200 -Cat# P3015, PEG 400 -Cat# P3265, PEG 8000 -Cat# 89510, PEG 10 000 -Cat# 81280 and PEG 20 000 -Cat# 95172 -all bis-hydroxy terminated) and glucono-d-lactone were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, and used as received. MilliQ Water (resistivity 18.2 MO) was used throughout the study. Paclitaxel (Taxol s ) was obtained from LC Laboratories USA and Temozolomide from Sigma Aldrich. The solution phase synthesis of 1 was adapted from the methods (ESI †) previously reported by Ko ¨nig and Ro ¨dela 48 and Gagnon et al.
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