A home-made polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane was manufactured by traditional phase inversion technique following previous protocol [30 (link)]. Celazole ® S26 solution (26 wt% PBI, 1.5 wt% LiCl in DMAc, PBI Performance Products Inc., USA) was diluted with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (Panreac, Spain) to 22 wt% PBI concentration. The solution was mechanically stirred at 60 RPM overnight to obtain a homogeneous dope solution, which was then left still for 24 h for air bubbles removal. The resulting solution was first manually casted using a home-made casting knife height of 250 µm on the top of a non-woven Polyolefin Novatexx 2471 (Freudenberg Filtration Technologies, Germany), then immersed in a distilled water precipitation bath (1 h, three times) and then in an isopropanol (Carlo Erba, Spain) bath (1 h, three times) for water removal and kept on isopropanol until to be used. All the processes were performed at room temperature. The membrane was not crosslinked and used directly for nanofiltrations.
Isopropanol
Manufactured by Carlo Erba
Sourced in Italy, Spain, France
Isopropanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H8O. It is a common solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Carlo Erba (3 mentions)
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chloroform, by Carlo Erba (3 mentions)
M 200 reader, by Tecan (3 mentions)
1 dodecanethiol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Oleylamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
1 octadecene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Butylated hydroxytoluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Prosolv smcc 90, by JRS Pharma (1 mentions)
Drcaps, by Lonza (1 mentions)
Eudragit s100, by Evonik (1 mentions)
Iron 3 acetylacetonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Copper 1 iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tri n octylphosphine, by Strem Chemicals (1 mentions)
Igepal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
20 protocols using isopropanol
1
Polybenzimidazole Membrane Fabrication
2
Enteric-coated multiparticulate capsules
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Paracetamol and tramadol HCl (both supplied by Janssen Pharma) were chosen as model drugs. Methacrylic acid–methyl methacrylate copolymers (Eudragit S100 and L100) were from Evonik Industries (Essen, Germany). Hypromellose acetate succinate (MF and HF grades) were obtained from Shin-Etsu Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Silicified microcrystalline cellulose (Prosolv sMCC90, JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany), anhydrous lactose (SuperTab 24AN, DFE Pharma, Goch, Germany) anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate (DI-CAFOS A 60, Budenheim, Budenheim, Germany), and Triethyl Citrate (RoFarma Italia, Gaggiano, Italy) were used as received. Isopropanol (Carlo Erba, Cornaredo, Italy) and Yellow Eosin (Carlo Erba, IT) were of standard chemical grades. Gelatin capsules were purchased from ACEF (Fiorenzuola D’Arda, Italy), while HPMC cps (size 0), DRcaps® (size 2 and size 0), and Vcaps® Enteric capsules (size 0) were obtained from Lonza (Lonza Capsules & Health Ingredients, Basel, Switzerland).
Throughout the text, the following abbreviations are used: paracetamol (AAP), tramadol HCl (Tram), Eudragit S100 (EuS100), Eudragit L100 (EuL100), hypromellose acetate succinate MF (HPMC AS-MF), hypromellose acetate succinate HF (HPMC AS-HF), Triethyl Citrate (TEC), Prosolv sMCC90 (SMCC), SuperTab 24AN (LAC), DI-CAFOS A 60 (DCP), and Isopropanol (Iso).
Throughout the text, the following abbreviations are used: paracetamol (AAP), tramadol HCl (Tram), Eudragit S100 (EuS100), Eudragit L100 (EuL100), hypromellose acetate succinate MF (HPMC AS-MF), hypromellose acetate succinate HF (HPMC AS-HF), Triethyl Citrate (TEC), Prosolv sMCC90 (SMCC), SuperTab 24AN (LAC), DI-CAFOS A 60 (DCP), and Isopropanol (Iso).
3
Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals
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Copper(I) iodide (CuI, ≥ 99.5%), iron(III)
acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3, ≥ 99.9%), 1-octadecene
(ODE, technical grade, 90%), oleylamine (OLAM, technical grade, 70%),
and 1-dodecanethiol (DT, ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP, 97%) was procured from Strem Chemicals.
α-Methoxy-ω-mercapto polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG-OCH3, MW: 2000 g mol–1) was purchased from Rapp
Polymere. Anhydrous chloroform, methanol, and isopropanol were purchased
from Carlo Erba reagents. All chemicals were used as received. A Milli-Q
Millipore system was used for the purification of water (resistivity
≥ 18 MΩ cm).
acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3, ≥ 99.9%), 1-octadecene
(ODE, technical grade, 90%), oleylamine (OLAM, technical grade, 70%),
and 1-dodecanethiol (DT, ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP, 97%) was procured from Strem Chemicals.
α-Methoxy-ω-mercapto polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG-OCH3, MW: 2000 g mol–1) was purchased from Rapp
Polymere. Anhydrous chloroform, methanol, and isopropanol were purchased
from Carlo Erba reagents. All chemicals were used as received. A Milli-Q
Millipore system was used for the purification of water (resistivity
≥ 18 MΩ cm).
4
Cell Viability Assay of Plant Extracts
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Cell vitality was determined by MTT assay. A total of 2 × 104 cells/well were plated in a 96-well plate and treated, in triplicates, with extract of WND , CWND , and CBND at different concentrations and times. Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT; Sigma-Aldrich) solution was added at 0.5 mg/mL. After 4 h, for the adhesion cells HaCat and MCF-7, the supernatant was simply removed, whereas, for the suspension cells U-937 and HL-60, the plates were first centrifuged. The purple formazan crystals were dissolved in isopropanol (Carlo Erba Reagents, Cornaredo, Italy), and the absorbance was read at a wavelength of 570 nm with a TECAN M-200 reader (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland) [25 (link)].
5
Synthesis of Fe3O4/SiO2 Magnetic Nanoparticles
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The ternary microemulsion was composed of a surfactant, an organic solvent and water. 880 µL of Igepal (Sigma), 3.75 mL of cyclohexane (J.T. Baker), 60 µL of Fe3O4 NPs in chloroform were mixed together and stirred for 30 min. Then, 170 µL of water, 50 µL of TEOS (99%, Sigma Aldrich) and 60 µL of NH4OH (28–30%, Sigma Aldrich) were added to the microemulsion. The mixture was left to stir for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, acetone (J.T. Baker) was added to break the microemulsion. Nanoparticles were recovered by centrifugation (4500 rpm, 30 min, T = 25°C) and the surfactant and the unreacted molecules were washed out from the resultant precipitate of Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs sequentially, with butanol (Sigma Aldrich), iso-propanol (Carlo Erba reagents), ethanol (J.T. Baker) and water. The ultrasonic treatment was used to completely disperse the precipitate in the solvent and to remove the adsorbed molecules from the surface of the final product. The above mentioned conditions yielded Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs with a total diameter of 26 nm.
6
Fatty Acid and Compound Extraction
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Butanol, chloroform, isopropanol, methanol, n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy). Alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Resveratrol, stearic acid, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween-20), taurodeoxycolic acid, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide DCC), sodium taurocholate hydrate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Skin Penetration Evaluation of Sunfilter
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The standard fabrics used were plain cotton fabric, (bleached and desized cotton print cloth, style 400 ISO 105-F02), spun nylon 6 Du Pont type 200 woven fabric (PA) (style 361, 124 g/m2,) spun polyester type 54 fabric (PES) (style 777, 126 g/m2) (2,3,8), spun polyacrylic fabric (PAC) (style 864, 135 g/m2), and knitted 100% wool fabric (WO) (style 537). The textile bandages used for skin penetration evaluation were knitted fabrics (plain stitch) of polyamide 78/68/1 (DeFiber, S.A., Tarragona, Spain).
Ethylhexhyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) (Escalol 557, ISP Global Headquarters, Wayne, NJ, USA) was used as the active principle, as a sun filter and as a tracer in the liposome preparation.
An antioxidant active principle, gallic acid (GA) (Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil), was employed, and isopropanol (Carlo Erba, Cornaredo, Italy) was used in its detection.
Ethylhexhyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) (Escalol 557, ISP Global Headquarters, Wayne, NJ, USA) was used as the active principle, as a sun filter and as a tracer in the liposome preparation.
An antioxidant active principle, gallic acid (GA) (Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil), was employed, and isopropanol (Carlo Erba, Cornaredo, Italy) was used in its detection.
8
Dexamethasone Effects on HOB Viability
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HOB were seeded in 96-well plates in 100 μL of a culture medium, 4 replicates for each condition, at the density of 500 cells/well. Cells were then differentiated and treated with EV for 4 days, as previously described. Dexamethasone (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) treatment was performed after the EV exposure for 24 h at the concentration of 0.5, 5, 20, and 50 µM. At the end of experiment, 0.5 mg/mL MTT (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) was added and incubated for 3 h at 37 °C. After incubation, the medium was removed and acidified isopropanol (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) was added to solubilize the formazan salts [50 (link)]. The absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer (Appliskan, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Vantaa, Finland).
9
Synthesis of Colloidal Nanoparticles
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Oleylamine (Olam, 70%), oleic acid (OAc,
90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, ≥ 98%),
tin(II) chloride (SnCl2, 98%), tin(IV) bis(acetylacetonate)
dichloride (SnAc2Cl2, 98%), and tetrachloroethylene
anhydrous (TCE, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Copper(I)
chloride (CuCl, 99.999%), selenium powder (Se, 99.99%), and tri-n-octylphosphine
(TOP, min. 97%) were purchased from Strem Chemicals. Anhydrous methanol,
toluene, and isopropanol were purchased from Carlo Erba. All chemicals
were used without further purification.
90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, ≥ 98%),
tin(II) chloride (SnCl2, 98%), tin(IV) bis(acetylacetonate)
dichloride (SnAc2Cl2, 98%), and tetrachloroethylene
anhydrous (TCE, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Copper(I)
chloride (CuCl, 99.999%), selenium powder (Se, 99.99%), and tri-n-octylphosphine
(TOP, min. 97%) were purchased from Strem Chemicals. Anhydrous methanol,
toluene, and isopropanol were purchased from Carlo Erba. All chemicals
were used without further purification.
10
MTT Assay for Cell Viability
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Cell viability was determined using the standard MTT assay. A total of 2 × 104 cells/well were plated in a 96-well plate and treated, in triplicates, with TR total extract and with Fraction A, B, C, and D at different concentrations for 24 and 48 h, depending on the experiment. Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT; Sigma-Aldrich) solution was added at 0.5 mg/ml. After 3 h, for the adhesion cells the supernatant was simply removed, whereas for the suspension cells, the plate was first centrifuged. The purple formazan crystals were dissolved in iso-propanol (Carlo Erba Reagents, Cornaredo, Italy) and the absorbance was read at a wavelength of 570 nm with a TECAN M-200 reader (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland). IC50 values were calculated using the GraphPad Prism7 software.
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